Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Which cranial nerves are mainly involved in the gag reflex?

1. AGlossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X)
2. BTrigeminal (V) and facial (VII)
3. COculomotor (III) and abducens (VI)
4. DOlfactory (I) and optic (II)

Which finding is a common reason for urgent dialysis?

1. AA single episode of itching
2. BHyperkalaemia that does not respond to treatment
3. CA mildly raised creatinine with no symptoms
4. DA haemoglobin of 105 g/L (10,5 g/dL) with mild tiredness

What is the main cause of type 1 diabetes?

1. AAutoimmune destruction of the insulin-making beta cells
2. BA lack of glucagon from the pancreas
3. CEating too much sugar and sweet food during childhood
4. DInsulin resistance caused mainly by excess body weight

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. ARestricting fluids in the evening only
2. BCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
3. CAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic
4. DVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet

Why might a patient taking a beta-blocker not notice a hypoglycaemic episode?

1. ABeta-blockers make the patient sleep through every hypo
2. BBeta-blockers block the effect of all diabetes medicines
3. CBeta-blockers raise blood glucose, so hypos cannot happen
4. DBeta-blockers can mask the tremor and racing heart of a hypo

A patient takes an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which sick-day advice is correct?

1. ADouble the dose during illness to control the glucose
2. BKeep taking it as normal, whatever the illness
3. CStop drinking fluids while taking the drug
4. DPause the drug during illness with vomiting or poor intake

A patient with acute glomerulonephritis has a BP of 190/115 mmHg, a severe headache and blurred vision. Which is the priority?

1. AGive extra oral fluids to correct the low urine output
2. BUrgent escalation for BP control and close neuro checks
3. CRecheck the BP at the next routine round
4. DEncourage a walk to relieve the headache

The nurse has four neurology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?

1. AA patient with Parkinson's disease whose next dose is due in one hour
2. BA patient with multiple sclerosis who is tired after physiotherapy
3. CA patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome whose vital capacity is falling
4. DA patient with a headache after a lumbar puncture this morning