Lembar kerja Medikal-bedah: saraf, endokrin & ginjal dengan jawaban

Apa tanda paling awal dan paling sensitif dari peningkatan tekanan intrakranial?

1. APupil tetap dan melebar di kedua sisi
2. BPerubahan tingkat kesadaran
3. CPernapasan tidak teratur dengan jeda panjang
4. DBradikardia dengan tekanan darah tinggi

Which type of insulin is given intravenously, for example in an insulin infusion?

1. AIntermediate-acting NPH (isophane) insulin
2. BSoluble (regular) short-acting insulin
3. CPremixed biphasic insulin
4. DLong-acting insulin glargine

What is the main effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

1. AIt raises blood calcium
2. BIt lowers blood potassium
3. CIt lowers blood glucose
4. DIt raises blood sodium

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. AVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet
2. BAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic
3. CCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
4. DRestricting fluids in the evening only

Why are patients on haemodialysis vaccinated against hepatitis B?

1. AHepatitis B vaccine improves the fistula flow
2. BThe vaccine lowers the potassium level
3. CShared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
4. DThe vaccine is needed to make the dialyser work

Seorang pasien stroke memahami apa yang dikatakan tetapi kesulitan menemukan kata dan berbicara dengan frasa pendek yang terbata-bata. Jenis afasia apa ini?

1. ADisartria akibat otot wajah lemah
2. BAfasia reseptif (Wernicke)
3. CAfasia global tanpa pemahaman
4. DAfasia ekspresif (Broca)

A patient with an external ventricular drain sat up in bed without help. The drain stayed at its old height, and the drainage bag filled quickly. The patient now has a headache. What is the concern?

1. AOverdrainage of CSF, so act per protocol and inform the team
2. BUnderdrainage, so the drain should be lowered further
3. CNo concern, because more drainage always lowers the ICP safely
4. DAn infected drain, so the dressing should be removed

A nurse teaches a patient about peritoneal dialysis. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will weigh myself daily and record my fluid balance."
2. B"I will wash my hands carefully before each exchange."
3. C"If the fluid is cloudy, I'll see if it clears next time."
4. D"I will check my exit site every day."