Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Apa itu antagonis?

1. AObat yang diubah menjadi bentuk aktif
2. BObat yang berikatan dengan reseptor tanpa mengaktifkannya dan menghalangi agonis
3. CObat yang mengaktifkan reseptor sepenuhnya
4. DObat yang meningkatkan pelepasan ligan alami dari ujung saraf

Which adverse effect of ethambutol requires vision checks?

1. AOptic neuritis, with blurred vision and colour blindness
2. BCataracts that form within a few days of starting
3. CPermanent dilation of the pupils
4. DBleeding in the back of the eye

With patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), who should press the button to give a dose?

1. AThe nursing assistant at set times
2. BA family member when the patient is asleep
3. COnly the patient
4. DAny visitor who thinks the patient is in pain

How is adenosine given for supraventricular tachycardia?

1. AAs a slow infusion over one hour
2. BAs a rapid IV push followed by a fast saline flush
3. CAs an intramuscular injection into the outer thigh muscle
4. DAs a tablet under the tongue

A patient refuses a prescribed oral medicine. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the medicine as given, so that the chart stays complete for the next shift
2. BExplore the reason, respect the decision, document and inform the prescriber
3. CHide the tablet in the patient's food
4. DLeave the tablet on the bedside table for later

Why is a spacer recommended with a metered-dose inhaler?

1. AIt turns the inhaler into a nebuliser
2. BMore drug reaches the lungs and less stays in the mouth
3. CIt removes the need to shake the inhaler
4. DIt doubles the dose of drug released by each puff of the inhaler

A patient with heart failure starts taking naproxen regularly for back pain. Why is this a concern?

1. ANSAIDs increase heart contractility too much
2. BNSAIDs block the absorption of furosemide completely
3. CNSAIDs cause salt and water retention and can worsen heart failure
4. DNSAIDs lower potassium, which makes digoxin and diuretics fail

Mengapa penghambat ACE dapat menyebabkan cedera ginjal akut pada pasien dengan stenosis arteri renalis bilateral?

1. APenghambat ACE menyempitkan arteriol aferen
2. BPenghambat ACE bersifat toksik langsung bagi sel tubulus proksimal di ginjal
3. CObat mengkristal di tubulus ginjal
4. DLFG bergantung pada angiotensin II yang menyempitkan arteriol eferen