Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

How does allopurinol prevent gout?

1. AIt blocks prostaglandins in the inflamed joint
2. BIt dissolves crystals already in the joint within hours
3. CIt inhibits xanthine oxidase, so less uric acid is made
4. DIt increases the kidney excretion of calcium

Apa itu indeks terapeutik?

1. APersentase dosis oral yang mencapai sirkulasi sistemik
2. BRasio antara dosis toksik dan dosis efektif
3. CJumlah dosis per hari
4. DWaktu untuk mencapai keadaan tunak

Oxytocin is used in obstetrics mainly to:

1. AMature the fetal lungs before birth
2. BInduce or strengthen contractions and prevent postpartum bleeding
3. CLower blood pressure in pre-eclampsia
4. DStop preterm labour by relaxing the uterine muscle

Mengapa kortikosteroid oral jangka panjang tidak boleh dihentikan mendadak?

1. APenghentian menyebabkan kenaikan glukosa darah mendadak
2. BObat membentuk metabolit toksik ketika dihentikan
3. CKelenjar adrenal tertekan dan mungkin tidak membuat cukup kortisol
4. DSistem imun akan langsung menyerang hati dan kelenjar adrenal

Why is propranolol usually avoided in patients with asthma?

1. AIt increases mucus production by blocking histamine
2. BIt causes tolerance to inhaled corticosteroids
3. CIt blocks beta-2 receptors in the airways and can cause bronchospasm
4. DIt stimulates alpha-1 receptors in the airways and raises blood pressure

A patient takes cholestyramine. How should other oral medicines be timed?

1. AMix them into the cholestyramine drink so they are taken together
2. BTiming does not matter, as cholestyramine is not absorbed
3. CTake them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine
4. DTake them all at the same time as cholestyramine

How does aripiprazole differ from most other antipsychotics?

1. AIt is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 receptors
2. BIt has no effect on dopamine and acts only on histamine
3. CIt is a full dopamine agonist that increases dopamine activity
4. DIt works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin only

In myxoedema coma, why is hydrocortisone often given before or with thyroid hormone?

1. AThyroid hormone can trigger adrenal crisis if cortisol is also low
2. BThyroid hormone is inactive unless hydrocortisone is given
3. CHydrocortisone prevents the hypoglycaemia caused by levothyroxine
4. DHydrocortisone makes thyroid hormone work faster