Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

On the WHO analgesic ladder, which drugs form the first step?

1. ALocal anaesthetic nerve blocks for all patients
2. BWeak opioids such as codeine or tramadol, used on their own
3. CNon-opioids such as paracetamol and NSAIDs
4. DStrong opioids such as morphine given intravenously

Which description fits insulin glargine?

1. AA long-acting basal insulin with no marked peak
2. BAn intermediate-acting cloudy insulin with a clear peak
3. CA rapid-acting insulin given with each meal
4. DAn oral tablet that makes the pancreas release insulin

Which effect is common and harmless with oral iron tablets?

1. AYellow discoloration of the eyes
2. BDark or black stools
3. CBlue tint to the lips
4. DRed-coloured urine

Seorang pasien mengalami gangguan ginjal berat. Suatu obat terutama diekskresikan tanpa berubah melalui urine. Apa penyesuaian yang lazim?

1. AMemberikan obat secara oral alih-alih intravena
2. BMenurunkan dosis atau memperpanjang interval pemberian
3. CMenaikkan dosis untuk mengimbangi penyerapan yang buruk
4. DTidak perlu perubahan, karena hati mengambil alih

Bagaimana heparin menghasilkan efek antikoagulannya?

1. AHeparin menguraikan fibrin dalam bekuan yang sudah ada
2. BHeparin menghambat COX-1 trombosit secara ireversibel
3. CHeparin memblokir sintesis faktor pembekuan yang bergantung pada vitamin K di hati
4. DHeparin meningkatkan kerja antitrombin, yang menginaktifkan trombin dan faktor Xa

An adult patient is due to receive digoxin. The apical pulse, counted for a full minute, is 52 beats per minute. What should the nurse do?

1. AGive half the dose and document the pulse
2. BWithhold the dose and notify the prescriber
3. CGive the dose with food to slow absorption
4. DGive the dose and recheck the pulse in one hour

Sifat apa yang membuat obat lebih mungkin menembus sawar darah-otak?

1. AMuatan positif pada pH fisiologis
2. BKelarutan air tinggi dan ionisasi kuat
3. CKelarutan lemak tinggi dan ukuran kecil
4. DBerat molekul besar dan ikatan protein kuat

Why are oral liquid medicines drawn up in dedicated oral or enteral syringes that do not fit IV connectors?

1. ATo make the oral dose more accurate than a dose given through an IV syringe
2. BTo prevent oral liquids being given intravenously by mistake
3. CBecause IV syringes cannot hold liquids
4. DTo keep the medicine sterile for injection