Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Adenosine is used mainly to:

1. ARaise blood pressure in shock
2. BTreat ventricular fibrillation
3. CTerminate supraventricular tachycardia
4. DPrevent blood clots in atrial fibrillation

Nitrofurantoin is used mainly to treat:

1. ABacterial meningitis in adults and children
2. BPneumonia
3. CBone infections
4. DUncomplicated cystitis (lower urinary infection)

Famotidine belongs to which drug class?

1. AProton pump inhibitors
2. BProstaglandin analogues
3. CAntacids
4. DH2 receptor antagonists

Agonis parsial diberikan bersama agonis penuh dosis tinggi. Apa yang terjadi pada responsnya?

1. ARespons turun, karena agonis parsial bersaing memperebutkan reseptor
2. BRespons tetap persis sama seperti pada dosis tinggi agonis penuh saja
3. CRespons naik melebihi maksimum agonis penuh
4. DRespons berlipat dua, karena kedua obat mengaktifkan reseptor

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
2. BStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
3. CMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs
4. DHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects

A patient is starting lisinopril. Which rare but serious adverse effect should the nurse teach the patient to report immediately?

1. AAn increase in appetite in the evening
2. BSwelling of the lips, tongue or face
3. CDarker skin after exposure to sunlight
4. DA harmless rash on the palms of the hands

Why is pethidine (meperidine) avoided in older people and in kidney impairment?

1. AIts metabolite norpethidine builds up and can cause seizures
2. BIt has no pain-relieving effect in older people
3. CIt causes severe hypoglycaemia in these groups
4. DIt is not absorbed from the gut when kidney function is poor

A patient with severe liver cirrhosis takes oral propranolol, a drug with a high first-pass metabolism. What effect is expected?

1. AMore drug reaches the circulation, so a lower dose may be needed
2. BThe first-pass effect increases, so the drug becomes inactive
3. CLess drug is absorbed from the gut, so a higher dose is needed
4. DThe drug is excreted faster by the kidney, so it works for a shorter time