Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

How do local anaesthetics such as lidocaine block pain?

1. AThey block prostaglandin synthesis at the injury site
2. BThey activate opioid receptors in the spinal cord
3. CThey block voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve membranes
4. DThey enhance the action of GABA in the brain and spinal cord

What does the combined oral contraceptive pill contain?

1. AAn oestrogen and a progestogen
2. BA progestogen only
3. COxytocin and a progestogen
4. DTestosterone and an oestrogen

Oseltamivir is used to treat or prevent which infection?

1. AHIV
2. BHerpes simplex
3. CInfluenza
4. DTuberculosis

Which group of signs suggests opioid withdrawal?

1. AConstipation, itching and a slow heart rate
2. BYawning, runny nose, sweating, dilated pupils and diarrhoea
3. CDry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision and confusion
4. DPinpoint pupils, slow breathing and drowsiness

Mengapa OAINS seperti ibuprofen meningkatkan risiko tukak lambung?

1. AMenurunkan prostaglandin pelindung di lapisan lambung
2. BMenambah jumlah bakteri Helicobacter pylori di lambung
3. CMelarutkan lapisan lendir secara langsung
4. DMenaikkan pH asam lambung

Manakah efek samping yang dikenal luas dari kortikosteroid oral jangka panjang?

1. AHipoglikemia
2. BPenurunan berat badan
3. COsteoporosis
4. DTekanan darah rendah

Why may omeprazole be avoided in a patient taking clopidogrel?

1. AIt increases clopidogrel absorption from the gut and causes bleeding
2. BIt inhibits CYP2C19, so less clopidogrel is converted to its active form
3. CIt binds clopidogrel in the stomach and makes it insoluble
4. DIt speeds up kidney excretion of clopidogrel

Metotreksat untuk artritis reumatoid diminum sekali seminggu. Seorang pasien keliru meminum dosis yang sama setiap hari. Apa bahaya utamanya?

1. AHipertensi berat akibat retensi cairan
2. BSupresi sumsum tulang dan mukositis akibat toksisitas metotreksat
3. CArtritis memburuk karena toleransi obat
4. DHipoglikemia karena metotreksat sangat merangsang pelepasan insulin