Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

What is a "broad-spectrum" antibiotic?

1. AOne that is taken for a long time at low dose to prevent any infection
2. BOne that acts against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
3. COne that also treats viral and fungal infections
4. DOne that is given only intravenously in hospital

What is a "superinfection" during antibiotic treatment?

1. AA new infection because normal body flora are disturbed
2. BAn infection that spreads from one patient to another on the ward
3. CAn infection that is cured by a single antibiotic dose
4. DA very severe form of the original infection

Before giving any medication, how should the nurse identify the patient?

1. ARead the name on the sign next to the door
2. BAsk "Are you Mr Jones?" and wait for a nod
3. CUse two identifiers, such as full name and date of birth
4. DCheck the room and bed number against the medication chart

Why should a patient rinse the mouth after using an inhaled corticosteroid?

1. ATo make the drug work faster in the lungs
2. BTo reduce the risk of oral thrush (candidiasis) and hoarseness
3. CTo stop the drug being absorbed too quickly into the blood
4. DTo prevent a fall in blood glucose

A patient with diabetes is sweaty and shaky. Blood glucose is 3,0 mmol/L (54 mg/dL). The patient is awake and can swallow. What should the nurse do first?

1. AGive 15–20 g of fast-acting carbohydrate, such as juice
2. BGive the next scheduled dose of insulin
3. CGive a large meal high in fat and protein to keep glucose up for longer
4. DGive intramuscular glucagon at once

A patient refuses a prescribed oral medicine. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the medicine as given, so that the chart stays complete for the next shift
2. BExplore the reason, respect the decision, document and inform the prescriber
3. CHide the tablet in the patient's food
4. DLeave the tablet on the bedside table for later

A patient's record shows anaphylaxis to penicillin. Amoxicillin has been prescribed. What should the nurse do?

1. AWithhold it and contact the prescriber, as amoxicillin is a penicillin
2. BGive the amoxicillin with an antihistamine to prevent a reaction
3. CGive half the dose and observe for a reaction
4. DGive the amoxicillin, as it belongs to a different antibiotic group

An older patient who has taken omeprazole for many years has muscle cramps, tremor and an irregular heartbeat. Which lab finding is most likely linked to the drug?

1. AHigh serum sodium
2. BLow serum magnesium
3. CLow serum glucose
4. DHigh serum calcium