Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Naltrexone helps in alcohol use disorder because it:

1. ABlocks opioid receptors, reducing reward and craving
2. BSpeeds up the liver breakdown of alcohol
3. CReplaces alcohol as a sedative
4. DCauses vomiting and flushing whenever alcohol is drunk

Apa peran utama kortikosteroid inhalasi pada asma?

1. AMembunuh bakteri di saluran napas
2. BMengencerkan lendir agar dapat dibatukkan
3. CMeredakan bronkospasme mendadak dalam beberapa menit
4. DMengurangi peradangan saluran napas dan mencegah serangan

Ciclosporin and tacrolimus are used mainly to:

1. ATreat bacterial infections after surgery
2. BPrevent rejection of transplanted organs
3. CRelieve acute pain after surgery
4. DLower high blood cholesterol

A patient is starting olanzapine. Which monitoring is most important over the following months?

1. AWeight, blood glucose and blood lipids
2. BHearing tests and vision tests every month
3. CPeak expiratory flow
4. DINR and platelet count

A patient takes low-dose weekly methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis. Which monitoring is needed?

1. AWeekly INR checks and a monthly ECG to check the heart rhythm
2. BMonthly hearing tests
3. CDaily blood glucose checks
4. DRegular blood count, liver and kidney function tests

Which early signs suggest systemic toxicity from a local anaesthetic?

1. APinpoint pupils and slow, shallow breathing
2. BNumbness around the mouth, metallic taste and tinnitus
3. CItchy rash and swelling only at the injection site
4. DHeavy sweating, salivation and diarrhoea

Why is vancomycin given by mouth, not intravenously, for Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. AThe oral form is cheaper but has the same effect as IV
2. BOral vancomycin is absorbed into the blood better than IV vancomycin
3. CIntravenous vancomycin causes C. difficile infection
4. DOral vancomycin is not absorbed, so it reaches high levels in the colon

A patient receiving frequent salbutamol (albuterol) nebulisers develops a fine tremor and a heart rate of 120 per minute. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is allergic to salbutamol and needs adrenaline
2. BAt high doses it also stimulates beta receptors in skeletal muscle and the heart
3. CSalbutamol blocks muscarinic receptors in the heart
4. DSalbutamol causes high potassium, which speeds the heart and causes muscle twitching