Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Which signs are typical of hypoglycaemia?

1. AFruity breath with deep, rapid breathing
2. BA slow pulse, constipation and weight gain
3. CThirst, frequent urination and warm, dry, flushed skin
4. DSweating, shakiness, a fast heart rate and confusion

Obat yang namanya berakhiran "-olol", seperti atenolol, termasuk golongan apa?

1. APenyekat beta
2. BPenyekat kanal kalsium
3. CPenghambat ACE
4. DStatin

Rute pemberian mana yang menghindari metabolisme lintas pertama di hati?

1. ALarutan oral
2. BSupositoria yang diletakkan tinggi di rektum
3. CIntravena
4. DTablet oral

Untuk apa dosis muatan (loading dose) digunakan?

1. AUntuk cepat mencapai konsentrasi plasma yang ditargetkan
2. BUntuk memperlambat penyerapan obat
3. CUntuk menguji reaksi alergi
4. DUntuk mengurangi efek samping di awal pengobatan

A patient starting niacin (nicotinic acid) complains of flushing and warmth after doses. Which advice may reduce this?

1. ADouble the dose to build tolerance faster
2. BTake the niacin with a hot drink so that it dissolves and acts faster
3. CTake it on an empty stomach in a hot bath
4. DTake aspirin 30 minutes before the niacin, if the prescriber agrees

A patient refuses a prescribed oral medicine. What should the nurse do?

1. ARecord the medicine as given, so that the chart stays complete for the next shift
2. BHide the tablet in the patient's food
3. CExplore the reason, respect the decision, document and inform the prescriber
4. DLeave the tablet on the bedside table for later

A patient took a large paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose 6 hours ago and feels well. Why is treatment still urgent?

1. ALiver damage appears 1–3 days later, and early treatment works best
2. BParacetamol overdose only causes harm if symptoms start in the first hour
3. CThe patient is at risk of immediate respiratory arrest
4. DThe drug will cause kidney stones within a few hours

A woman with epilepsy who takes an antiepileptic drug plans to become pregnant. Which advice is standard?

1. ATake folic acid before conception and seek specialist review of her medication
2. BStop all antiepileptic drugs straight away as soon as she stops contraception
3. CAvoid folic acid because it lowers drug levels
4. DNo change is needed, as antiepileptics carry no risk in pregnancy