Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Which of these insulins is rapid-acting?

1. AInsulin glargine
2. BNPH (isophane) insulin
3. CInsulin lispro
4. DInsulin detemir

Which harmless effect of rifampicin should patients be warned about?

1. ABlue colouring of the fingernails and lips
2. BGreen colouring of the stools
3. CWhite spots on the teeth
4. DOrange-red colouring of urine, sweat and tears

Apa itu toleransi obat?

1. ARespons yang makin kuat setiap kali obat dikonsumsi
2. BRespons yang berkurang setelah penggunaan berulang, sehingga diperlukan dosis lebih tinggi
3. CReaksi alergi terhadap obat
4. DKemampuan mengonsumsi obat tanpa mengalami efek samping apa pun

Which approach is usually recommended to prevent constipation in a patient on regular opioids?

1. ABulk-forming fibre alone, with fluid intake restricted
2. BAn antidiarrhoeal drug at night to slow the gut
3. CA stimulant laxative such as senna, often with a stool softener
4. DNo laxative until the patient has not opened the bowels for a week

Why are many drugs started at lower doses in older adults?

1. AOlder adults always weigh more than younger adults, so drugs last longer
2. BKidney and liver clearance often decline, and sensitivity to drugs increases
3. CLower doses are cheaper for older patients
4. DOlder adults absorb no drugs from the stomach

Which assessment is most important during IV mannitol therapy?

1. AUrine output, electrolytes and signs of fluid overload
2. BBlood glucose before meals and signs of hypoglycaemia
3. CLiver enzymes and signs of jaundice
4. DPlatelet count and signs of bleeding

A patient with heart failure on furosemide is also given metolazone, a thiazide-like diuretic. Which risk increases most?

1. AHyperkalaemia and fluid overload
2. BSevere hypertension, tachycardia and fluid retention
3. CHypoglycaemia and weight gain
4. DSevere hypokalaemia, hyponatraemia and dehydration

Which statement correctly contrasts donepezil and memantine in Alzheimer's disease?

1. ADonepezil blocks NMDA receptors; memantine inhibits acetylcholinesterase
2. BBoth drugs are dopamine agonists that differ only in their half-lives
3. CDonepezil inhibits cholinesterase; memantine blocks NMDA receptors
4. DBoth drugs remove amyloid plaques from the brain