Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

On the WHO analgesic ladder, which drugs form the first step?

1. ALocal anaesthetic nerve blocks for all patients
2. BNon-opioids such as paracetamol and NSAIDs
3. CStrong opioids such as morphine given intravenously
4. DWeak opioids such as codeine or tramadol, used on their own

Obat mana yang membalikkan efek heparin?

1. AProtamin sulfat
2. BFlumazenil
3. CNalokson
4. DVitamin K

Filgrastim, a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), is given to:

1. ALower the white cell count in leukaemia
2. BIncrease the production of platelets
3. CIncrease the production of neutrophils
4. DStop bleeding from wounds

Why should a patient rinse the mouth after using an inhaled corticosteroid?

1. ATo reduce the risk of oral thrush (candidiasis) and hoarseness
2. BTo stop the drug being absorbed too quickly into the blood
3. CTo make the drug work faster in the lungs
4. DTo prevent a fall in blood glucose

Bagaimana neostigmin meningkatkan kekuatan otot pada miastenia gravis?

1. ANeostigmin memblokir autoantibodi terhadap reseptor
2. BNeostigmin langsung merangsang reseptor muskarinik di otot
3. CNeostigmin meningkatkan jumlah reseptor asetilkolin di sambungan neuromuskular
4. DNeostigmin menghambat asetilkolinesterase sehingga lebih banyak asetilkolin mencapai reseptor

A patient taking levodopa finds that the drug works poorly after large meals. Which advice is most appropriate?

1. AAvoid taking doses at the same time as high-protein meals
2. BTake the drug only at bedtime
3. CDouble the dose after each meal
4. DTake every dose with a large glass of milk and a protein snack

A patient on digoxin is started on amiodarone. What change should the nurse expect?

1. ANo interaction is expected
2. BDigoxin levels fall sharply, so the digoxin dose is doubled
3. CDigoxin levels rise, so the digoxin dose is often reduced
4. DAmiodarone levels fall to zero

Pada overdosis aspirin, urine dapat dibuat basa dengan natrium bikarbonat. Mengapa hal ini meningkatkan ekskresi salisilat?

1. AUrine basa meningkatkan filtrasi glomerulus
2. BBikarbonat mengikat salisilat dan membuatnya tidak aktif
3. CBikarbonat mempercepat metabolisme salisilat di hati menjadi bentuk tidak aktif
4. DLebih banyak salisilat terionisasi di tubulus, sehingga lebih sedikit yang direabsorpsi