Lembar kerja Farmakologi dengan jawaban

Why is folinic acid (leucovorin) given after high-dose methotrexate?

1. ATo protect normal cells from methotrexate toxicity
2. BTo make methotrexate act faster on the tumour
3. CTo prevent nausea and vomiting after the methotrexate
4. DTo treat an allergic reaction to methotrexate

Drugs whose names end in "-sartan", such as losartan, belong to which class?

1. AAngiotensin II receptor blockers
2. BLoop diuretics
3. CACE inhibitors, which block the converting enzyme
4. DAlpha-1 blockers

Where is a sublingual tablet placed?

1. AUnder the tongue
2. BBetween the cheek and the gum
3. COn top of the tongue, then chewed
4. DIn the stomach, swallowed with water

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
2. BStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
3. CIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
4. DMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs

A patient takes cholestyramine. How should other oral medicines be timed?

1. AMix them into the cholestyramine drink so they are taken together
2. BTake them all at the same time as cholestyramine
3. CTiming does not matter, as cholestyramine is not absorbed
4. DTake them 1 hour before or several hours after cholestyramine

Besides lithium levels, which blood tests are monitored in long-term lithium treatment?

1. AKidney function and thyroid function
2. BTroponin and CK-MB
3. CLiver enzymes, serum amylase and lipase
4. DINR and fibrinogen

A patient taking sertraline starts St John's wort for low mood. What is the main concern?

1. ASerotonin syndrome from combined serotonergic effects
2. BA hypertensive crisis from tyramine
3. CBleeding from vitamin K deficiency
4. DSevere low blood pressure from blocked alpha receptors

Why is strict aseptic technique and a limited hang time needed for propofol infusions?

1. APropofol breaks down into a toxic gas after a few hours
2. BIts lipid emulsion lets bacteria grow if it is contaminated
3. CPropofol becomes more potent the longer it hangs
4. DLight exposure changes propofol into an opioid