1.Priorità e delegaMedia
A patient speaks little English, and the nurse needs to explain a new procedure. What is the best way to communicate?
- AUse a professional medical interpreter
- BSpeak loudly and slowly in English
- CUse hand gestures and hope the patient understands
- DAsk the patient’s 10-year-old child to translate
2.Priorità e delegaDifficile
A medical-unit nurse is floated to intensive care and given a patient on a ventilator, which the nurse has never managed. What is the best response?
- ALeave the intensive care unit and go back to the medical unit without telling anyone
- BRefuse to work and go home, because the assignment is unsafe
- CAccept the full assignment without comment to avoid conflict
- DTell the charge nurse about the gap, accept tasks within competence and ask for support
3.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteMedia
Un paziente in terapia con un diuretico è ad alto rischio di caduta e si alza spesso di notte. Quale misura è più utile?
- ASomministrare il diuretico prima di dormire, così agisce durante la notte
- BAccompagnamento programmato in bagno, con campanello e ausilio per la deambulazione a portata di mano
- CDire al paziente di non bere nulla dopo pranzo
- DTenere la stanza completamente buia di notte per favorire il sonno
4.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteDifficile
Which patient with a suspected infection meets the qSOFA criteria that signal a higher risk of a poor outcome?
- ARespiratory rate 24/min, new confusion, systolic BP 95 mmHg
- BRespiratory rate 20/min, alert, systolic BP 110 mmHg, heart rate 110/min
- CRespiratory rate 18/min, alert, systolic BP 130 mmHg, temperature 38,5 °C
- DRespiratory rate 16/min, alert, systolic BP 105 mmHg, WBC 13,000/mm3
5.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiMedia
A healthy woman at 28 weeks of pregnancy has a mildly lower hemoglobin than before pregnancy, with a normal MCV and ferritin. What is the most likely explanation?
- AIron is being lost through the kidneys during the pregnancy
- BThe fetus is destroying the mother's red cells in the circulation
- CPregnancy hormones stop the bone marrow from making red cells
- DPlasma volume rises more than red cell mass, diluting the blood
6.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiDifficile
A 68-year-old man has fatigue, a hemoglobin of 9,8 g/dL (98 g/L), an MCV of 72 fL and a low ferritin. He eats a normal diet. What is the most important next step?
- AStart vitamin B12 injections
- BGive iron and do no further tests at all
- CRepeat the blood count in one year
- DLook for a source of blood loss in the gut
7.Infermieristica clinicaMedia
A spontaneously breathing patient is critically ill and hypoxic. Which oxygen delivery gives the highest concentration?
- ANasal cannula at 2 L/min
- BSimple face mask at 5 L/min with the patient sitting up
- CNon-rebreathe mask with reservoir bag at 15 L/min
- DVenturi mask set to 24%
8.Infermieristica clinicaDifficile
Un paziente dopo chirurgia addominale non urina da otto ore, ha fastidio al basso addome e un globo vescicale palpabile. Qual è il problema più probabile?
- ADanno renale acuto senza produzione di urina
- BInfezione delle vie urinarie senza ritenzione
- CRitenzione urinaria acuta
- DSolo disidratazione
9.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaMedia
Why is active tuberculosis treated with several drugs for at least six months?
- ATo kill slow-growing bacteria and prevent drug resistance
- BBecause each drug works on a different organ only
- CBecause the bacteria are resistant to all drugs at first
- DTo reduce the number of side effects compared with one drug
10.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaDifficile
A patient taking ramipril and indapamide for hypertension starts regular ibuprofen for back pain. A week later, creatinine has risen sharply. What is the most likely cause?
- ABack pain causing kidney damage
- BIbuprofen raising the blood pressure to levels that damage the kidneys
- CAn ACE inhibitor, diuretic and NSAID together reducing kidney perfusion
- DAn allergic reaction to the diuretic causing inflammation of the kidney
11.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleMedia
Why is once-daily prednisolone usually taken in the morning with food?
- ABecause it cannot be absorbed at night
- BBecause food doubles the strength of the dose
- CBecause it causes drowsiness and is safer to take during the day
- DTo match the natural cortisol rhythm and protect the stomach
12.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleDifficile
Near the end of a haemodialysis session, a patient has painful leg cramps and a falling blood pressure. What is the most likely cause?
- AThe dialysate is too cold
- BAn allergic reaction to the needles
- CNot enough fluid is being removed
- DFluid is being removed too quickly
13.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaMedia
Quale punteggio si usa per valutare il rischio in un'emorragia GI superiore prima dell'endoscopia?
- AGlasgow Coma Scale
- BPunteggio di Wells per la TVP
- CPunteggio di rischio di lesioni da pressione di Waterlow
- DPunteggio di Glasgow-Blatchford
14.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaDifficile
While a central line is disconnected, a patient suddenly becomes breathless with chest pain and hypotension. Air embolism is suspected. What should the nurse do first?
- AClamp the line, lie the patient left side down, head low; give oxygen
- BGive the patient a drink and observe for an hour
- CSit the patient fully upright and flush the line
- DRemove the central line straight away and leave the site open to the air