1.Priorità e delegaMedia
A patient with heart failure gained 2 kg (about 4 lb) since yesterday and is more breathless when lying down. What should the nurse do first?
- AEncourage extra fluids to correct the weight change
- BRecord the weight on the chart and recheck it at the next weekly weigh-in
- CLay the patient flat to help them breathe more easily
- DAssess the lungs, oxygen saturation and swelling, then inform the provider
2.Priorità e delegaDifficile
An infant with pyloric stenosis has repeated projectile vomiting. Which acid-base imbalance is most likely?
- ARespiratory acidosis
- BRespiratory alkalosis
- CMetabolic alkalosis
- DMetabolic acidosis
3.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteMedia
Before inserting a peripheral IV, the nurse cleans the skin with chlorhexidine-alcohol. What should the nurse do next?
- ALet it dry fully and do not touch the site again
- BFeel for the vein again with an ungloved finger
- CBlow on the site so it dries faster
- DWipe it off with a dry gauze straight away
4.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteDifficile
Who should mark the operative site before surgery?
- AThe patient, alone, using a marker pen at home on the night before surgery
- BThe admitting clerk, using the information written on the consent form
- CThe person who will perform the procedure, with the patient involved where possible
- DAny member of the operating room team after anesthesia starts
5.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiMedia
A stable adult who is not bleeding receives one unit of packed red cells. By about how much is the hemoglobin expected to rise?
- AAbout 0,1 g/dL (1 g/L)
- BAbout 5 g/dL (50 g/L)
- CAbout 1 g/dL (10 g/L)
- DAbout 3 g/dL (30 g/L)
6.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiDifficile
Un paziente arriva 30 minuti dopo aver vomitato una grande quantità di sangue. La frequenza cardiaca è 125/min, ma la prima emoglobina è 13,0 g/dL (130 g/L). Perché l'emoglobina è fuorviante?
- ASi perde sangue intero, perciò il livello cala solo dopo ore
- BL'esame non è mai accurato nelle situazioni di emergenza
- CL'emoglobina aumenta durante il sanguinamento, nascondendo la perdita
- DIl valore dimostra che non c'è un sanguinamento significativo
7.Infermieristica clinicaMedia
Why is an urgent brain scan needed before thrombolysis for a suspected stroke?
- ATo rule out bleeding in the brain
- BTo confirm the patient's age
- CTo measure the size of the ventricles
- DTo check for brain tumours only
8.Infermieristica clinicaDifficile
A patient with an epidural catheter develops new back pain and increasing leg weakness when the block should be wearing off. What should be suspected?
- AAn epidural haematoma or abscess compressing the spinal cord
- BMild hypokalaemia
- CMuscle strain from lying in the same position in bed for many hours
- DThe normal expected effect of the local anaesthetic
9.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaMedia
Why must anti-embolism stockings be measured and fitted correctly?
- ATight stockings work better, so the smallest size is always best
- BPoorly fitting stockings can cause pressure damage
- CLoose stockings make the patient's legs too warm at night
- DCorrect fit is needed only to improve the appearance
10.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaDifficile
Un paziente con BPCO con maschera Venturi al 28% (SpO₂ 90%) vuole consumare un pasto. Qual è il piano più appropriato?
- APassare a una cannula nasale a basso flusso, mantenendo la SpO₂ all'88–92%
- BPassare a una maschera senza reinalazione a 15 L/min durante il pasto
- CTogliere tutto l'ossigeno durante il pasto e rimetterlo dopo
- DTenere la maschera Venturi e dare solo liquidi con una cannuccia
11.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleMedia
A patient on ciclosporin or tacrolimus asks about grapefruit juice. Which advice is correct?
- AAvoid it, because it can raise the drug levels
- BDrink it with each dose to improve the absorption
- CDrink it daily to protect the kidney
- DIt has no effect on these drugs
12.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleDifficile
An older patient with a UTI is now confused, with a respiratory rate of 24/min, BP 88/50 mmHg and a pulse of 120/min. What should happen?
- AGive oral antibiotics and recheck in four hours
- BEncourage oral fluids and wait for the urine culture
- CStart sepsis care at once, with IV antibiotics and fluids
- DTreat the confusion with a sedative
13.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaMedia
Which drug class is used to reduce the risk of a first variceal bleed in cirrhosis?
- AThiazide diuretics
- BNon-selective beta-blockers
- CCalcium supplements
- DProton pump inhibitors
14.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaDifficile
On day 5 after bowel resection, a patient has a fever, tachycardia and worsening abdominal pain, and the drain contains brown, faeculent fluid. What is most likely?
- APostoperative constipation
- BA urinary tract infection
- CAn anastomotic leak
- DA normal day 5 recovery