1.Priorità e delegaMedia
A patient is receiving continuous tube feeds. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?
- AIncrease the feed rate so the stomach empties sooner
- BLay the patient flat for an hour after each bag is hung
- CKeep the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
- DTurn the feed off only while the patient is asleep at night
2.Priorità e delegaDifficile
Un paziente con un catetere venoso centrale diventa all'improvviso affannato, con dolore toracico e SpO₂ in calo, mentre il catetere viene rimosso. Che cosa fa per prima l'infermiere?
- AMettere il paziente seduto e terminare in fretta la rimozione del catetere
- BCoprire il sito, girare il paziente sul fianco sinistro con la testa in basso, dare ossigeno e chiamare aiuto
- CChiedere al paziente di respirare lentamente e profondamente e proseguire
- DLavare il catetere con soluzione fisiologica per eliminare un'eventuale ostruzione
3.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteMedia
Which instruction about using a standard walker is correct?
- AWalk well ahead of the walker for balance
- BMove the walker forward, then step into it
- CPush up from the walker to stand from a chair
- DCarry the walker and use it only when tired
4.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteDifficile
Quale paziente ha più bisogno di precauzioni per le cadute?
- AUn paziente anziano, da poco confuso, in terapia con un sedativo e con andatura instabile
- BUn paziente in attesa di dimissione che cammina in autonomia
- CUn giovane adulto con un dito rotto che cammina in modo stabile e sicuro senza aiuto
- DUn paziente vigile a riposo a letto che segue le istruzioni
5.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiMedia
A patient's eGFR has fallen to 24 mL/min/1,73 m². Which prescribed drug should the nurse question before giving it?
- AInsulin glargine
- BLevothyroxine
- CAcetaminophen (paracetamol)
- DMetformin
6.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiDifficile
A patient with acute pancreatitis has a rising BUN, a falling calcium and a glucose of 250 mg/dL (13,9 mmol/L) over the first 48 hours. What do these results suggest?
- AA lab error from lipemic samples
- BAn unrelated new kidney stone
- CIncreasingly severe pancreatitis
- DA resolving, mild pancreatitis
7.Infermieristica clinicaMedia
Che cosa misura l'HbA1c?
- ALa glicemia al momento del prelievo
- BLa quantità di chetoni nelle urine
- CLa glicemia media negli ultimi due-tre mesi circa
- DI livelli di insulina dopo un pasto
8.Infermieristica clinicaDifficile
Which nursing measure helps reduce raised intracranial pressure?
- ALying the patient flat with the neck flexed forward on two pillows
- BTilting the patient head-down
- CRaising the head of the bed to about 30° with the head kept midline
- DFrequent suctioning and encouraging strong coughing
9.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaMedia
A patient with a mechanical heart valve asks to switch from warfarin to apixaban. What is the correct response?
- AMechanical valves do not need anticoagulation after the first month
- BAny anticoagulant works equally well once the valve is in place
- CDirect oral anticoagulants are not used for mechanical valves
- DAspirin alone can replace warfarin once the valve has healed
10.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaDifficile
A patient with a stab wound to the chest has a hole that sucks air with each breath. What is the immediate management?
- APack the wound tightly with gauze pushed deep into the chest
- BSeal it completely with tape on all four sides and leave it alone
- CLeave it open and give a nebuliser
- DCover it with a vented chest seal or a dressing taped on three sides
11.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleMedia
Several hours after a carotid endarterectomy, which finding needs the most urgent action?
- AA small amount of dried blood on the dressing
- BMild pain at the incision site
- CAn expanding neck swelling with noisy breathing
- DA blood pressure slightly above the baseline
12.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleDifficile
A patient with lung cancer is confused, dehydrated and constipated, with a corrected calcium of 3,4 mmol/L (about 13,6 mg/dL). What is usually the first treatment?
- AIV calcium gluconate and vitamin D
- BOral calcium tablets
- CIV fluids to rehydrate the patient
- DA fluid restriction
13.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaMedia
A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?
- AThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
- BSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
- CSteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer
- DSteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
14.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaDifficile
A patient asks whether to take their usual bisoprolol on the morning of surgery. What is the usual guidance?
- AStop it one week before any operation
- BTake it only after the operation is finished
- CTake a double dose to protect the heart
- DUsually continue it with a sip of water, unless told otherwise