1.Priorità e delegaMedia
A patient is receiving continuous tube feeds. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?
- AIncrease the feed rate so the stomach empties sooner
- BKeep the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
- CLay the patient flat for an hour after each bag is hung
- DTurn the feed off only while the patient is asleep at night
2.Priorità e delegaDifficile
Quale paziente di un'unità di nefrologia deve vedere per primo l'infermiere?
- AUn paziente che chiede consigli su una dieta povera di fosfati
- BUn paziente in dialisi peritoneale il cui liquido drenato è limpido
- CUn paziente in emodialisi che ha saltato la seduta di ieri e ora ha debolezza muscolare e polso irregolare
- DUn paziente la cui fistola arterovenosa ha un fremito e un soffio forti
3.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteMedia
A family member will visit a patient on contact precautions. What should the nurse do?
- ATell them visits are not allowed at all
- BTell them precautions only apply to staff
- CAsk them to wear an N95 respirator only, with no gown or gloves
- DShow them how to use the gown and gloves and how to clean their hands
4.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteDifficile
A patient dies after a wrong-drug error, and the hospital carries out a root cause analysis. What is its main focus?
- AFinding the system and process weaknesses that allowed the error
- BDeciding whether to tell the family about the error
- CEstimating the legal costs for the hospital
- DIdentifying which staff member made the error and should be disciplined
5.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiMedia
A patient has taken hydrochlorothiazide for several years. Which laboratory change is a recognized effect of this drug?
- AA rise in serum potassium
- BA fall in blood glucose
- CA fall in serum calcium
- DA rise in serum uric acid
6.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiDifficile
A patient with advanced chronic kidney disease has a mildly raised troponin that has stayed the same on several tests over months. There is no chest pain and the ECG is unchanged. What is the best interpretation?
- AA chronic stable rise; infarction needs a rising or falling pattern
- BA sign of skeletal muscle injury, because troponin comes from all muscles
- CA laboratory error, because troponin is never raised in kidney disease
- DProof of an acute myocardial infarction that needs emergency treatment now
7.Infermieristica clinicaMedia
A patient is started on spironolactone while already taking an ACE inhibitor. Which blood result should be watched most closely?
- ACalcium, because both drugs lower it
- BGlucose, because both drugs cause hyperglycaemia
- CPotassium, because both drugs can raise it
- DSodium, because both drugs raise it sharply
8.Infermieristica clinicaDifficile
A patient with an epidural catheter develops new back pain and increasing leg weakness when the block should be wearing off. What should be suspected?
- AMuscle strain from lying in the same position in bed for many hours
- BThe normal expected effect of the local anaesthetic
- CAn epidural haematoma or abscess compressing the spinal cord
- DMild hypokalaemia
9.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaMedia
Which ECG finding is typical of atrial flutter?
- AP waves with no relationship to the QRS complexes
- BRegular sawtooth flutter waves between QRS complexes
- CA chaotic baseline with no clear P waves and irregular QRS
- DWide, bizarre QRS complexes at 180/min
10.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaDifficile
A patient with a valid, documented do-not-attempt-CPR decision (DNACPR in the UK, DNR or DNAR in the US) is found in cardiac arrest. What should the nurse do?
- AStart CPR but use only chest compressions
- BStart full CPR because the patient's family is not present
- CCall the arrest team and let them decide whether to resuscitate
- DNot start CPR, call for support, and provide dignity and comfort
11.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleMedia
Why is once-daily prednisolone usually taken in the morning with food?
- ABecause it cannot be absorbed at night
- BBecause it causes drowsiness and is safer to take during the day
- CBecause food doubles the strength of the dose
- DTo match the natural cortisol rhythm and protect the stomach
12.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleDifficile
Four patients had a minor head injury with no loss of consciousness and a GCS of 15. Which one most needs a CT scan of the head?
- AA 78-year-old who takes warfarin for atrial fibrillation
- BA 40-year-old with a mild headache that is improving
- CA 30-year-old who bumped their head on a cupboard door
- DA 25-year-old with a small scalp graze after a fall
13.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaMedia
Which risk is particularly linked with tramadol?
- ARapid liver failure at normal doses
- BHigh blood pressure that needs emergency treatment in most patients
- CSevere stomach ulcers in all patients
- DSerotonin syndrome with some antidepressants, and seizures
14.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaDifficile
After surgery, a patient says they have "no pain" but grimaces, breathes shallowly and refuses to move or cough. What should the nurse do?
- AAccept the statement and record a pain score of 0
- BExplore their beliefs and explain how analgesia aids recovery
- CInsist they walk without any analgesia
- DTell the patient firmly that they must stop hiding their pain from staff