1.Priorità e delegaMedia
A patient with a valid do-not-resuscitate order (DNR; called DNACPR in the UK) stops breathing and has no pulse. What should the nurse do?
- ACall the cardiac arrest team and let them decide
- BFollow the DNR order and do not start CPR
- CStart chest compressions but not rescue breaths
- DStart CPR and stop when the family arrives
2.Priorità e delegaDifficile
During JumpSTART triage, a child is not breathing after the airway is opened but has a palpable pulse. What is the next step?
- ATag the child green and return to them after the others
- BTag the child black at once and move on to the next victim
- CGive five rescue breaths; if breathing starts, tag the child red
- DStart full CPR on the child and stay with them until more help arrives
3.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteMedia
An older adult has trouble getting in and out of the bath. Which measures make bathing safer?
- ALocking the bathroom door for privacy
- BBath oil to help the person slide in and out
- CA loose rug beside the tub to stand on
- DA shower chair, grab bars and a non-slip mat
4.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteDifficile
A patient’s cardiac monitor alarms often because of artifact, and a colleague suggests turning the alarm off. What is the best response?
- ADisconnect the monitor overnight so the patient can sleep
- BTurn the alarm volume down as low as it will go
- CTurn the alarm off and check the monitor screen at the nurses’ station every hour instead
- DKeep the alarm on, fix the cause such as electrode placement, and adjust limits only per policy
5.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiMedia
A blood sample drawn just after a patient ate a fatty meal is reported as "lipemic." What does this mean for the results?
- AThe results are more accurate than in a fasting sample
- BHigh fat in the sample may interfere with some test results
- CThe sample was contaminated by an IV fluid with dextrose
- DThe sample shows the patient has diabetic ketoacidosis
6.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiDifficile
Il potassio di un paziente è stato 3,4–3,6 mEq/L per mesi, e un singolo risultato di oggi è 5,4 mEq/L. Il paziente si sente bene e l'ECG è normale. Qual è il miglior passo successivo?
- AAvviare subito un legante del potassio senza altri controlli
- BControllare come è stato prelevato il campione, valutare il paziente e ripetere l'esame
- CSospendere tutti i farmaci abituali del paziente
- DIgnorare il risultato, perché il paziente si sente bene
7.Infermieristica clinicaMedia
Why is blood pressure monitored closely in a patient with an epidural infusion?
- AThe local anaesthetic can block sympathetic nerves and cause hypotension
- BBlood pressure readings show whether the catheter is infected
- CEpidurals always cause severe hypertension that needs regular treatment
- DThe epidural pump uses the blood pressure to set the rate
8.Infermieristica clinicaDifficile
After a viral illness, a patient has sharp chest pain that is worse lying flat and eased by sitting forward. What is the most likely cause?
- APulmonary oedema
- BPericarditis
- CAortic dissection
- DStable angina
9.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaMedia
Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?
- AThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
- BThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve
- CThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
- DThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
10.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaDifficile
A woman starting rifampicin (rifampin) for tuberculosis uses a combined oral contraceptive pill. What advice is correct?
- AStop all contraception during TB treatment, as pregnancy cannot occur
- BContinue the pill as usual, because there is no interaction with TB drugs
- CTake two pills a day to make up for the drug
- DUse another reliable method, as rifampicin reduces the pill's effect
11.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleMedia
Un paziente si sveglia con sintomi di ictus. È andato a letto bene alle 23:00 e si è svegliato alle 06:30. Quale ora si usa come ora di esordio?
- AL'ora di arrivo in ospedale
- BLe 23:00, quando è stato visto bene l'ultima volta
- CLe 06:30, quando i sintomi sono stati notati per la prima volta
- DL'ora in cui è stata eseguita la TC
12.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleDifficile
A prescription reads "Insulin 10U". Why is this a safety problem?
- A"U" means the insulin must be given intravenously
- BThere is no problem as long as the nurse can read it
- CInsulin doses must always be written in millilitres
- D"U" can be misread as a zero, giving a tenfold dose
13.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaMedia
Which complication is more typical of Crohn's disease than of ulcerative colitis?
- ABleeding only from the rectum
- BDisease that is cured by removing the colon
- CInflammation limited to the rectal lining
- DFistulas between the bowel and other organs
14.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaDifficile
A 76-year-old with a past peptic ulcer needs long-term anti-inflammatory treatment for arthritis. Which plan best reduces GI bleeding risk?
- ACombine two different NSAIDs at lower doses
- BConsider an alternative; if an NSAID is needed, add a PPI
- CTake the NSAID with a glass of milk instead of food
- DUse the highest NSAID dose to shorten the course