1.Priorità e delegaMedia
A nurse teaches a patient with COPD pursed-lip breathing. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will make my breath out about twice as long as my breath in.”
- B“I will breathe in through my mouth and out quickly through my nose.”
- C“I will breathe in slowly through my nose.”
- D“I will breathe out slowly through pursed lips.”
2.Priorità e delegaDifficile
An infant with pyloric stenosis has repeated projectile vomiting. Which acid-base imbalance is most likely?
- ARespiratory acidosis
- BMetabolic acidosis
- CMetabolic alkalosis
- DRespiratory alkalosis
3.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteMedia
A patient is on a ventilator. Which bed position helps to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia?
- ALying completely flat
- BHead of the bed raised 30 to 45 degrees
- CTrendelenburg position
- DHead of the bed raised about 10 degrees
4.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteDifficile
A nurse asks a colleague to “just glance” at an insulin infusion before starting it. What makes a check truly independent?
- AThe second nurse checks the order, drug, dose and pump settings separately without being told the answer
- BThe second nurse looks at the bag label from the doorway
- CThe second nurse signs the record after the infusion has already been started by the first
- DThe first nurse reads the details aloud and the second agrees
5.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiMedia
A patient has burning on urination and frequency. The dipstick is positive for nitrites and leukocyte esterase, and a urine culture is ordered. When should the sample be taken?
- AAfter the symptoms have fully settled
- BAt any time, as antibiotics do not matter
- CAfter 3 days of antibiotic treatment
- DBefore the first dose of antibiotic
6.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiDifficile
A patient with a stable INR on warfarin starts rifampin (rifampicin) for tuberculosis. Two weeks later the INR is 1,3. What is the most likely explanation?
- ARifampin contains a lot of vitamin K
- BRifampin raises the INR, so it is wrong
- CRifampin speeds up warfarin metabolism
- DTuberculosis causes the INR to fall
7.Infermieristica clinicaMedia
Which statement about storing insulin is correct?
- AInsulin never expires once opened
- BAll insulin should be stored in the freezer to keep it fresh
- CUnopened insulin is kept in the fridge and must not be frozen
- DInsulin should be kept in direct sunlight
8.Infermieristica clinicaDifficile
A patient with back pain develops numbness around the anus and genitals and new difficulty passing urine. Which condition should be suspected?
- AKidney stones
- BConstipation
- CCauda equina syndrome
- DSimple muscle strain
9.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaMedia
A patient with bronchiectasis of the right lower lobe is taught postural drainage. How should they be positioned?
- AWith the affected lobe lowest so it fills with mucus
- BWith the affected lobe uppermost so gravity drains it
- CFlat on the back with the arms raised
- DSitting fully upright at all times
10.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaDifficile
A day after a myocardial infarction, a patient has frequent ventricular ectopic beats on the monitor. Which blood results should be checked first?
- AAmylase and lipase
- BPotassium and magnesium
- CAlbumin and bilirubin
- DFerritin and vitamin B12
11.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleMedia
Quale complicanza dell'emodialisi causa cefalea, nausea, irrequietezza e talvolta convulsioni, soprattutto nelle prime sedute?
- ASindrome da squilibrio dialitico
- BIpoglicemia da dialisato
- CPeritonite batterica
- DEmbolia gassosa venosa attraverso le linee
12.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleDifficile
Un paziente con tumore del polmone e SIADH ha un sodio di 112 mmol/L e ha convulsioni. Qual è il trattamento più appropriato?
- ACorrezione rapida a 140 mmol/L nelle prime sei ore
- BSoluzione salina ipertonica, monitorata, con una velocità di aumento limitata
- CGrandi volumi di acqua per bocca per aiutare a diluire l'urina
- DGlucosio EV al 5% a velocità elevata finché le convulsioni non cessano
13.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaMedia
Why are carbohydrate drinks often given before surgery in enhanced recovery programmes?
- ATo raise the blood pressure during the anaesthetic
- BTo reduce insulin resistance and improve recovery
- CTo make the bowels open before the operation
- DTo replace the need for any IV fluids afterwards
14.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaDifficile
A patient with long-standing chronic pancreatitis now has weight loss, thirst and passing large volumes of urine. What should the nurse check first?
- AAbdominal girth
- BCapillary blood glucose
- CPeak expiratory flow
- DSerum amylase level