1.Priorità e delegaMedia
A nurse teaches a patient about sublingual nitroglycerin tablets. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A“I will swallow the tablet with a glass of water.”
- B“I will sit down before I take a tablet.”
- C“I will keep the tablets in their original dark container.”
- D“I may get a headache after taking a tablet.”
2.Priorità e delegaDifficile
A patient is admitted with inhalational anthrax. Which precautions are needed?
- AFull contact and droplet precautions for all staff and visitors on the unit
- BAirborne precautions in a negative-pressure room for the whole of the hospital stay
- CDroplet precautions with a surgical mask for everyone who enters
- DStandard precautions, because it does not usually spread from person to person
3.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteMedia
Why are some patients screened with a nasal swab for MRSA on admission?
- ATo check whether the patient is allergic to penicillin before surgery
- BTo diagnose a sinus infection
- CTo measure the patient’s immunity to MRSA
- DTo find carriers so precautions or decolonization can be used
4.Controllo delle infezioni e sicurezza del pazienteDifficile
A nurse often skips barcode scanning to save time, as many colleagues do. In a just culture, how is this behavior classed?
- AAcceptable behavior, because it is common on the unit
- BSimple human error, managed only by consoling the nurse and moving on
- CReckless behavior, managed by immediate dismissal and reporting to the licensing board
- DAt-risk behavior, managed by coaching and fixing the system pressures behind it
5.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiMedia
Un paziente che vomita da due giorni ha un BUN di 32 mg/dL (urea 11,4 mmol/L) e una creatinina normale. Qual è la causa più probabile?
- ADisidratazione
- BDieta povera di proteine
- CIperidratazione
- DInsufficienza epatica
6.Valori di laboratorio ed elettrolitiDifficile
Un paziente arriva 30 minuti dopo aver vomitato una grande quantità di sangue. La frequenza cardiaca è 125/min, ma la prima emoglobina è 13,0 g/dL (130 g/L). Perché l'emoglobina è fuorviante?
- AL'emoglobina aumenta durante il sanguinamento, nascondendo la perdita
- BSi perde sangue intero, perciò il livello cala solo dopo ore
- CIl valore dimostra che non c'è un sanguinamento significativo
- DL'esame non è mai accurato nelle situazioni di emergenza
7.Infermieristica clinicaMedia
What is one advantage of a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) such as apixaban compared with warfarin?
- AIt is safe in all patients with severe kidney failure
- BIt does not need routine INR monitoring
- CIt has no risk of bleeding
- DIt never interacts with other drugs
8.Infermieristica clinicaDifficile
A patient rescued from a house fire has soot around the mouth, singed nasal hairs and a hoarse voice. What is the main concern?
- ADehydration from sweating
- BAirway swelling from inhalation injury
- CHypothermia from the fire service water
- DA minor throat infection
9.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaMedia
A patient arrives with suspected cardiac chest pain. How soon should a 12-lead ECG be recorded?
- AOnly after the troponin result is available
- BWithin about 10 minutes of arrival
- CWithin 2 hours of arrival
- DThe following morning
10.Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoriaDifficile
A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure who takes ramipril and spironolactone. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
- A"I will avoid ibuprofen for my joint pain."
- B"I will call if I gain weight quickly or get more breathless."
- C"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
- D"I will weigh myself every morning after I go to the toilet."
11.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleMedia
Prima della trombolisi EV per un ictus, quale limite di pressione arteriosa si usa comunemente?
- AInferiore a circa 90/60 mmHg
- BInferiore a circa 185/110 mmHg
- CSuperiore a circa 200/120 mmHg
- DNon esiste alcun limite di pressione arteriosa
12.Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renaleDifficile
A patient with a subarachnoid haemorrhage develops a low sodium. Why is fluid restriction usually avoided in this patient?
- AFluid restriction would cause the aneurysm to re-bleed
- BFluid restriction raises the risk of seizures
- CLow blood volume can worsen vasospasm and brain ischaemia
- DLow sodium in this condition always corrects itself
13.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaMedia
Quale consiglio alimentare riduce il rischio di ostruzione con una nuova ileostomia?
- ABere pochissimo per mantenere denso l'output
- BMasticare bene e introdurre lentamente gli alimenti ricchi di fibre
- CMangiare molta frutta secca e semi fin dal primo giorno
- DDeglutire rapidamente il cibo senza masticare molto
14.Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologicaDifficile
After a fall, a patient with advanced dementia is agitated, grimacing and guarding the hip, and cannot rate the pain. What should the nurse do?
- AWait until a relative can confirm the pain
- BUse an observational pain tool, give analgesia and reassess
- CGive a sedative to treat the agitation and avoid giving any analgesia
- DAssume there is no pain because none is reported