Scheda di esercizi di Valori di laboratorio ed elettroliti con soluzioni

Quando si gonfia il bracciale della pressione sul braccio, la mano del paziente va in spasmo con il polso flesso. Quale disturbo elettrolitico suggerisce questo segno?

1. AIpocalcemia
2. BIperkaliemia
3. CIpercalcemia
4. DIpernatriemia

For many non-pregnant adults with diabetes, which HbA1c target is commonly recommended?

1. ABelow 10% (86 mmol/mol)
2. BBelow 7% (53 mmol/mol)
3. CAbove 9% (75 mmol/mol)
4. DBelow 4% (20 mmol/mol)

What is the effect of insulin on serum potassium?

1. AIt has no effect on potassium in any amount
2. BIt makes the kidneys keep more potassium in the blood
3. CIt moves potassium into cells, lowering the serum level
4. DIt moves potassium out of cells, raising the serum level

A patient takes valproate (valproic acid) for epilepsy. Which tests are monitored regularly?

1. AThyroid function and serum calcium
2. BTroponin and B-type natriuretic peptide
3. CLiver function tests and platelet count
4. DSerum lithium and urine specific gravity

A patient with sepsis has a lactate of 2,1 mmol/L on admission and 4,3 mmol/L two hours later, despite IV fluids. What does this suggest?

1. AA normal response to IV fluids in the first hours
2. BWorsening tissue perfusion that needs urgent reporting
3. CImproving circulation as the fluids start to work
4. DExpected muscle activity from shivering in fever

A patient with a potassium of 2,8 mEq/L has potassium chloride prescribed IV. Which statement about giving it is correct?

1. AIt may be given as a slow IV push over one minute if the level is very low
2. BIt is added to the IV bag without mixing, so it stays at the bottom
3. CIt is always diluted and given by infusion pump, never as an IV push
4. DIt is given as an undiluted bolus into a large vein to avoid irritation

A patient in hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state has a glucose of 1,050 mg/dL (58 mmol/L), very dry mucous membranes and a fast pulse. Which treatment is usually the first priority?

1. ALarge-volume IV fluid replacement
2. BOral glucose-lowering tablets
3. CStrict fluid restriction
4. DAn IV bolus of sodium bicarbonate

Ten days after chemotherapy, a patient has a platelet count of 9 × 10³/µL and reports a sudden severe headache and blurred vision. What is the priority?

1. AEncourage the patient to drink more fluids and check the blood pressure later
2. BGive acetaminophen (paracetamol) for the headache and reassess in 1 hour
3. CAssess neurological status and report it at once as possible brain bleeding
4. DDim the lights and encourage rest, as headaches are common after chemotherapy