Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

1. AThe tricuspid valve
2. BThe pulmonary valve
3. CThe aortic valve
4. DThe mitral valve

What should patients starting rifampicin (rifampin) be told about their urine, sweat and tears?

1. AThey may turn black, which means bleeding
2. BThey will become completely colourless
3. CThey may turn orange-red, which is harmless
4. DThey may turn green, which means infection

Which side effect of ethambutol should patients report straight away?

1. AA painful, red and swollen big toe joint
2. BBlurred vision or changes in colour vision
3. COrange-red colouring of the urine and tears
4. DNumbness and tingling of the feet and hands

A patient with heart failure starts dapagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor. Which teaching is most relevant?

1. AAvoid drinking any fluids at all for the first week of treatment
2. BExpect the urine to turn bright orange and stain underwear and clothes
3. CKeep the genital area clean, as fungal infections are more common
4. DTake an extra dose if the ankles swell

Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?

1. APneumothorax
2. BAsthma
3. CPericarditis
4. DPulmonary oedema

Why are patients with mitral stenosis at high risk of atrial fibrillation?

1. AThe right ventricle shrinks and stops contracting properly over time
2. BThe left atrium enlarges as it pushes blood through the narrow valve
3. CThe narrow valve presses on the sinus node and slows it down directly
4. DThe coronary arteries become blocked by the valve

A patient with severe chronic kidney disease needs therapeutic anticoagulation for a DVT. Why might unfractionated heparin be chosen instead of a low-molecular-weight heparin?

1. AUnfractionated heparin is taken by mouth
2. BLMWH is cleared by the kidneys and can accumulate
3. CLMWH cannot be given to anyone over 60
4. DUnfractionated heparin has no bleeding risk at all

A nurse is reviewing four telemetry patients. Which rhythm needs attention first?

1. ARate-controlled atrial fibrillation at 82/min
2. BRepeated runs of ventricular tachycardia in a patient who feels dizzy
3. CFirst-degree heart block with a stable blood pressure and no symptoms
4. DSinus bradycardia of 54/min in a patient who is asleep and comfortable