Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What happens to the lungs in emphysema?

1. AAlveolar walls are destroyed, reducing the surface for gas exchange
2. BThe pleural space slowly fills with fluid that compresses the lung
3. CThe airways narrow briefly and fully recover
4. DThe bronchi become permanently widened and repeatedly infected

How should glyceryl trinitrate (nitroglycerin) sublingual tablets be stored?

1. ALoose in a pocket or a plastic pill box for easy access
2. BIn their original container, away from heat and light
3. CIn the fridge, mixed in one bottle with their other tablets
4. DIn direct sunlight on the windowsill

What is bronchiectasis?

1. ADestruction of the alveolar walls with air trapping
2. BA brief spasm of the airways that fully reverses with treatment
3. CPermanent widening of the bronchi with chronic sputum
4. DA tumour of the main bronchus

Why is intravenous furosemide given slowly rather than as a rapid push of a large dose?

1. ARapid doses cause severe constipation
2. BRapid high doses can damage hearing
3. CSlow injection makes the urine output larger
4. DRapid doses cause the potassium level to rise

A patient with heart failure is comfortable at rest but becomes breathless walking across a room. Which NYHA class fits best?

1. AClass III
2. BClass I
3. CClass IV
4. DClass II

What is the main difference between CPAP and bilevel NIV (often called BiPAP)?

1. ABilevel NIV gives oxygen only, without any positive airway pressure
2. BCPAP is given only through a tracheostomy
3. CBilevel NIV adds a higher inspiratory pressure, helping remove CO₂
4. DCPAP is mainly used to lower a raised PaCO₂ in COPD exacerbations

A patient on a morphine PCA after surgery is very drowsy, with a respiratory rate of 7/min and pinpoint pupils. SpO₂ is 89%. What should the nurse do first?

1. ALeave the patient to sleep and recheck the observations in an hour
2. BStop the PCA, support breathing, give oxygen and get naloxone
3. CGive a sedative to keep the patient comfortable
4. DEncourage the patient to keep pressing the PCA button for comfort

A patient is going home after a spontaneous pneumothorax treated with a chest drain. Which advice is correct?

1. AFly home as soon as possible so they can recover in comfort there
2. BStop smoking and do not fly until a doctor confirms full resolution
3. CExpect it never to happen again, so no follow-up is needed
4. DTake up scuba diving to strengthen the lungs