Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is the role of surfactant in the lungs?

1. AIt carries oxygen across the membrane into the blood
2. BIt kills bacteria that reach the alveoli from the air
3. CIt moves mucus up towards the throat
4. DIt lowers surface tension so the alveoli stay open

What should patients starting rifampicin (rifampin) be told about their urine, sweat and tears?

1. AThey may turn black, which means bleeding
2. BThey may turn orange-red, which is harmless
3. CThey will become completely colourless
4. DThey may turn green, which means infection

Which vaccine is used to protect against tuberculosis?

1. AHPV
2. BDTaP
3. CBCG
4. DMMR

A patient with diabetes is starting a beta-blocker. What should the nurse teach about hypoglycaemia?

1. AThe beta-blocker will prevent all episodes of hypoglycaemia
2. BInsulin should be stopped while taking a beta-blocker
3. CSome warning signs, such as a fast heartbeat, may be masked
4. DHypoglycaemia will always cause a very slow and weak pulse

A patient arrives with suspected cardiac chest pain. How soon should a 12-lead ECG be recorded?

1. AOnly after the troponin result is available
2. BWithin 2 hours of arrival
3. CThe following morning
4. DWithin about 10 minutes of arrival

A 70 kg patient has passed 20 mL of urine per hour for the last three hours. How should this be interpreted?

1. ANormal, because the target is 0,1 mL/kg/h
2. BHigh, suggesting fluid overload that needs a diuretic
3. CBelow 0,5 mL/kg/h, suggesting poor kidney perfusion
4. DNormal, because any measurable urine output is reassuring

A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?

1. AIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
2. BChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
3. CDisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help
4. DSilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas

A 25-year-old non-smoker has wheeze and cough that come and go, worse at night and after exercise. Spirometry improves markedly after a bronchodilator. Which diagnosis is most likely?

1. AHeart failure
2. BIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
3. CAsthma
4. DCOPD