Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is the normal resting respiratory rate for an adult?

1. A24–30 breaths per minute
2. B6–10 breaths per minute
3. C30–40 breaths per minute
4. D12–20 breaths per minute

Which side effect is typical of an inhaled long-acting antimuscarinic such as tiotropium?

1. AWeight gain
2. BDry mouth
3. CDiarrhoea
4. DOral thrush

Which side effect of ethambutol should patients report straight away?

1. ABlurred vision or changes in colour vision
2. BOrange-red colouring of the urine and tears
3. CNumbness and tingling of the feet and hands
4. DA painful, red and swollen big toe joint

A nurse measures blood pressure on a large upper arm using a cuff that is too small. What effect will this have?

1. AThe reading will be falsely low
2. BThe reading will be falsely high
3. CThe reading will be accurate but slower
4. DOnly the pulse rate will be affected

Which ECG change is classically linked with hyperkalaemia?

1. AProminent U waves
2. BA sawtooth baseline
3. CTall, peaked T waves
4. DDelta waves before the QRS

A pulse oximeter on a patient's finger gives an unreliable, flickering reading. Which factor is the most likely cause?

1. ACold hands with poor peripheral circulation
2. BA regular heart rate of 75 beats per minute
3. CThe patient having eaten recently
4. DThe patient sitting upright in a chair

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. AHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
2. BPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
3. CPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries
4. DPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction

A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure who takes ramipril and spironolactone. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
2. B"I will weigh myself every morning after I go to the toilet."
3. C"I will call if I gain weight quickly or get more breathless."
4. D"I will avoid ibuprofen for my joint pain."