Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is a "barrel chest"?

1. AA curved spine that bends to one side and twists the ribs
2. BA wider front-to-back chest diameter from air trapping
3. CA chest that moves inward on breathing in
4. DA sunken breastbone that has been present since birth

Legionnaires' disease is usually acquired from which source?

1. AMosquito bites when travelling in warm, humid countries
2. BContact with cats' litter trays while cleaning them at home
3. CContaminated water systems such as cooling towers and showers
4. DEating undercooked chicken or eggs bought from a market stall

How does CPAP help in obstructive sleep apnoea?

1. AConstant positive pressure holds the upper airway open
2. BIt slows the breathing rate during sleep
3. CIt removes carbon dioxide through a filter
4. DIt delivers a drug that relaxes the airway muscles overnight

A patient's capillary refill time at the fingertip is 4 seconds. What does this suggest?

1. AReduced peripheral perfusion
2. BAn unusually strong cardiac output
3. CNormal peripheral perfusion
4. DA high haemoglobin level

A patient with heart failure takes furosemide once a day. When is the best time to take it?

1. AJust before the evening meal, with a large drink
2. BAt bedtime, so the effect lasts through the night
3. CIn the morning, to avoid needing the toilet at night
4. DWhenever the ankles look swollen, on those days only

Dopo l'impianto di un pacemaker permanente, quale istruzione si dà comunemente per le prime settimane?

1. ATenere il braccio completamente immobile in un tutore per sei mesi o più
2. BEvitare di sollevare il braccio di quel lato sopra l'altezza della spalla
3. CMassaggiare con forza la ferita due volte al giorno
4. DNon fare la doccia né lavarsi per sei settimane

Un paziente in terapia con warfarin per fibrillazione atriale ha un INR di 8,5 ma nessun sanguinamento. Qual è la gestione più probabile?

1. ASospendere il warfarin, informare il prescrittore e ricontrollare presto l'INR
2. BSomministrare subito protamina solfato EV per invertirlo
3. CSomministrare concentrato di complesso protrombinico e una trasfusione di sangue
4. DProseguire la dose abituale e ricontrollare l'INR tra un mese

A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. ASpontaneous pneumothorax
2. BAn acute asthma attack
3. CAcute left ventricular failure after an MI
4. DAcute respiratory distress syndrome