Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is a "barrel chest"?

1. AA sunken breastbone that has been present since birth
2. BA wider front-to-back chest diameter from air trapping
3. CA curved spine that bends to one side and twists the ribs
4. DA chest that moves inward on breathing in

Quale farmaco si usa comunemente per rallentare la frequenza cardiaca nella fibrillazione atriale?

1. ABisoprololo (un beta-bloccante)
2. BAmlodipina (un calcio-antagonista diidropiridinico)
3. CFurosemide (un diuretico dell'ansa)
4. DAtorvastatina (una statina)

Quale modifica alimentare abbassa di più la pressione arteriosa?

1. AMeno sale e più frutta e verdura
2. BPiù carne rossa e meno pane
3. CPiù caffè e meno bibite gassate zuccherate
4. DPiù succo di frutta e meno acqua

A 34-year-old has hypertension that is hard to control and a low serum potassium without taking diuretics. Which cause should be considered?

1. AHypothyroidism
2. BPrimary hyperaldosteronism
3. CIron-deficiency anaemia
4. DEssential hypertension of ageing

A patient with a regular narrow-complex tachycardia of 180/min is alert with a normal blood pressure. What is usually tried first?

1. AAn immediate unsynchronised shock with the defibrillator
2. BChest compressions until the rate slows
3. CVagal manoeuvres such as a modified Valsalva
4. DA large oral dose of digoxin

A patient with angle-closure glaucoma needs nebulised ipratropium. What precaution is sensible?

1. AGive it only with the patient lying completely flat
2. BRun it at the highest possible gas flow
3. CUse a mouthpiece or protect the eyes from the mist
4. DMix it with an eye drop before putting it in the nebuliser

A patient with severe sepsis becomes increasingly breathless over 24 hours. SpO₂ stays low despite high-flow oxygen, and the chest X-ray shows bilateral infiltrates. The heart function is normal. Which condition is most likely?

1. ASpontaneous pneumothorax
2. BAcute left ventricular failure after an MI
3. CAcute respiratory distress syndrome
4. DAn acute asthma attack

Un paziente di 82 anni con polmonite acquisita in comunità è da poco confuso, con FR 32/min, PA 88/52 mmHg e urea 9 mmol/L. Che cosa indica?

1. AUna normale risposta all'infezione in un anziano
2. BUn punteggio CURB-65 di 1: idoneo ad antibiotici orali a domicilio
3. CUn punteggio CURB-65 di 5: rischio alto che richiede una valutazione urgente da parte di un senior
4. DUn punteggio CURB-65 di 3: solo ricovero ordinario in reparto generale