Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What does "pleuritic" chest pain mean?

1. ASharp pain that worsens on breathing in or coughing
2. BBurning pain behind the breastbone after meals
3. CAching that is worse when the arm is moved
4. DDull pressure that spreads to the jaw on exertion

What is the normal PR interval on an adult ECG?

1. A1,0–1,2 seconds
2. B0,12–0,20 seconds
3. C0,40–0,60 seconds
4. D0,02–0,06 seconds

What is the role of cilia in the airways?

1. AThey exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood
2. BThey move mucus and trapped particles up towards the throat
3. CThey contract to narrow the airways and keep out particles of dust
4. DThey make surfactant to keep the small alveoli open

A patient is on a short course of oral prednisolone for an asthma exacerbation. Which effect should the nurse monitor for?

1. ALow blood pressure
2. BRaised blood glucose
3. CLow blood sodium
4. DSlow heart rate

Quali vaccinazioni sono di solito raccomandate alle persone con BPCO?

1. AVaccinazione annuale contro l'influenza e contro lo pneumococco
2. BNessun vaccino, perché è noto che scatenano le riacutizzazioni
3. CUn vaccino BCG ogni cinque anni
4. DSolo un richiamo antitetanico annuale

Un paziente con tachicardia sopraventricolare deve ricevere adenosina EV. Su che cosa deve avvisarlo l'infermiere?

1. ABreve rossore o senso di costrizione toracica e una pausa di alcuni secondi
2. BUn mal di testa che dura diversi giorni dopo
3. CDiverse ore di sonnolenza, eloquio confuso e confusione dopo
4. DUn dolore urente lungo la vena del braccio per circa una settimana

A ventilated patient suddenly desaturates to 82%. The cause is not obvious and the ventilator alarms are sounding. What should the nurse do first?

1. ASilence the alarm and wait for the result of the next routine blood gas
2. BIncrease the sedation and watch the monitor for the next half hour
3. CChange the ventilator settings to a higher rate
4. DDisconnect and hand-ventilate with 100% oxygen while calling for help

A patient with heart failure wakes extremely breathless, coughing pink frothy sputum. BP is 168/96 mmHg and SpO₂ 86%. Help has been called. What is the best initial nursing action?

1. AGive a large IV fluid bolus to support the circulation
2. BSit the patient upright with the legs down and give oxygen
3. CLie the patient flat with the legs raised on pillows
4. DEncourage the patient to walk to ease the breathing