Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What does "hypovolaemia" mean?

1. AA low level of haemoglobin with a normal blood volume
2. BA reduced volume of blood in the circulation
3. CA low level of sodium in the blood
4. DA high level of fluid in the tissues

What does an SpO₂ reading measure?

1. AThe percentage of haemoglobin carrying oxygen
2. BThe amount of carbon dioxide dissolved in the blood
3. CThe total haemoglobin level
4. DThe oxygen level in the brain

What defines type 2 respiratory failure?

1. AHigh PaO₂ with a high bicarbonate
2. BNormal PaO₂ with a low PaCO₂
3. CLow PaO₂ with a raised PaCO₂
4. DLow PaO₂ with a normal or low PaCO₂

A patient has a heart rate of 36/min with hypotension and dizziness. Which drug is usually the first choice?

1. AOral bisoprolol
2. BIntravenous adenosine
3. CIntravenous amiodarone
4. DIntravenous atropine

A patient who had a leg amputation says they feel burning pain in the missing foot. What is the best response?

1. AExplain that phantom limb pain is real and arrange treatment
2. BAdvise that it will be ignored until it stops
3. CTell the patient the pain must be imaginary as the foot has gone
4. DExplain that burning pain in the missing foot shows wound infection

Suspected pulmonary TB is being investigated. How are sputum samples usually collected?

1. AA swab from the nose only
2. BOne sample of saliva collected at any time of the day
3. CA single sample after the first week of treatment
4. DSeveral samples, ideally including early-morning sputum

A nurse teaches a patient with heart failure who takes ramipril and spironolactone. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A"I will use a salt substitute instead of ordinary salt."
2. B"I will avoid ibuprofen for my joint pain."
3. C"I will weigh myself every morning after I go to the toilet."
4. D"I will call if I gain weight quickly or get more breathless."

Dopo un intervento all'anca, un paziente diventa improvvisamente dispnoico e ansioso con frequenza cardiaca 124/min, SpO₂ 86% in aria ambiente e dolore acuto con il respiro. Il torace all'auscultazione è pulito. Che cosa deve fare per prima cosa l'infermiere?

1. AFar camminare il paziente nel reparto per migliorare la respirazione
2. BFar sdraiare il paziente e sollevare entrambe le gambe su cuscini
3. CSomministrare ossigeno, mettere il paziente seduto, chiedere una valutazione urgente e restare con lui
4. DSomministrare un sedativo per l'ansia e ricontrollare dopo un'ora