Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae?

1. AThe right atrium
2. BThe left ventricle
3. CThe right ventricle
4. DThe left atrium

Which organism is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia?

1. AEscherichia coli
2. BClostridioides difficile
3. CStreptococcus pneumoniae
4. DCandida albicans

Dove compaiono più spesso le ulcere venose degli arti inferiori?

1. ASotto le teste metatarsali sulla pianta del piede
2. BSul retro del tallone
3. CSopra il malleolo mediale (parte interna della caviglia)
4. DSulla punta delle dita dei piedi

A woman had lymph nodes removed from her left armpit for breast cancer. Which advice helps reduce the risk of lymphoedema?

1. AUse only the left arm for heavy lifting to build up its muscles
2. BAvoid BP cuffs and injections on the left arm where possible
3. CApply tight jewellery to the left wrist
4. DKeep the left arm hanging down and as still as possible all day

How do clopidogrel and ticagrelor work?

1. AThey inhibit the vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver
2. BThey block the platelet ADP (P2Y₁₂) receptor
3. CThey directly inhibit thrombin in the plasma
4. DThey dissolve fibrin in existing clots

A patient's blood pressure is high in clinic but normal on home readings. Which step best confirms the diagnosis?

1. AAmbulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
2. BA single repeat reading in the same clinic visit
3. CStarting two antihypertensive drugs at once at full dose
4. DA chest X-ray

Two days after a coronary stent, a patient on aspirin and ticagrelor has black, tarry stools and feels faint on standing. What should the nurse do?

1. AStop both antiplatelet drugs permanently on the nurse's own decision
2. BReassure the patient that iron tablets cause black stools
3. CCheck vital signs, report urgently and anticipate a blood count
4. DGive a laxative and repeat the observations tomorrow

Which instruction from the registered nurse to a healthcare assistant (unlicensed assistive personnel) caring for a patient with COPD is most appropriate?

1. A"Teach him how to use his new inhaler this afternoon after his rest."
2. B"Turn his oxygen up to whatever he needs if he looks short of breath."
3. C"Tell me straight away if his SpO₂ is under 88% or he is more breathless."
4. D"Listen to his chest after lunch and let me know what you can hear."