Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

What is a thoracentesis?

1. ARemoving fluid from the pleural space with a needle
2. BRemoving a lobe of the lung
3. CInserting a flexible camera into the airways to look inside
4. DMeasuring lung volumes by blowing into a tube

How is cystic fibrosis inherited?

1. AAutosomal dominant
2. BIt is not inherited
3. CAutosomal recessive
4. DX-linked recessive

How is most oxygen carried in the blood?

1. ABound to albumin and other plasma proteins
2. BBound to haemoglobin in red blood cells
3. CDissolved freely in the plasma water
4. DCarried as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

A patient on ramipril is to start sacubitril/valsartan for heart failure. What is the key safety point?

1. AThe ACE inhibitor dose should be doubled during the change
2. BBoth drugs should be taken together each day for the best effect
3. CSacubitril/valsartan is safe to start on the same morning
4. DThe ACE inhibitor must be stopped first, with a gap before starting

A patient is starting long-term amiodarone. Which teaching and monitoring are most important?

1. AEat extra salt and stop the drug as soon as the pulse is regular
2. BExpect orange urine and no need for blood tests
3. CAvoid dairy products and have the INR checked once at the start
4. DProtect skin from sunlight and have thyroid, liver and lung checks

La pressione arteriosa di un paziente è 200/125 mmHg con nuova confusione e visione offuscata. Come va di solito abbassata?

1. AIl più rapidamente possibile, fino a un valore normale in pochi minuti
2. BCon farmaci EV titolati, di circa il 25% al massimo nella prima ora
3. CPer niente, perché il cervello ora dipende dalla pressione alta
4. DCon una nuova compressa per via orale e controllo tra una settimana

Un paziente con ipertensione nota ha una PA di 186/112 mmHg senza sintomi e senza segni di danno d'organo. Quale risposta è più appropriata?

1. ANon fare nulla, perché il paziente sta bene e non ha sintomi
2. BSomministrare un bolo EV di antipertensivo per raggiungere 120/80 mmHg in 15 minuti
3. CChiamare il team per l'arresto cardiaco e prepararsi all'intubazione
4. DRicontrollarla, segnalarla e prevedere un trattamento orale nell'arco di ore o giorni

On the first day after abdominal surgery, a patient has a temperature of 37,8 °C, SpO₂ 93% on air and reduced breath sounds at both bases. They have stayed in bed because of pain. What is the most likely cause and response?

1. ANormal recovery; no action is needed
2. BWound infection: open the wound fully and swab it for culture
3. CAtelectasis: give analgesia, deep breathing and mobilisation
4. DPulmonary oedema: restrict all oral fluids and give a diuretic