Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: cardiovascolare e respiratoria con soluzioni

Which chamber of the heart receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae?

1. AThe left atrium
2. BThe left ventricle
3. CThe right ventricle
4. DThe right atrium

What is haemoptysis?

1. ABlood in the urine
2. BVomiting blood that comes from the stomach
3. CBleeding from the nose that runs into the throat
4. DCoughing up blood from the lungs or airways

What does "pleuritic" chest pain mean?

1. AAching that is worse when the arm is moved
2. BDull pressure that spreads to the jaw on exertion
3. CSharp pain that worsens on breathing in or coughing
4. DBurning pain behind the breastbone after meals

Why does a large, rapidly forming pericardial effusion lower the blood pressure?

1. AIt compresses the heart and stops the ventricles filling
2. BIt causes the aortic valve to leak backwards into the ventricle
3. CIt makes the heart muscle contract too strongly and too fast
4. DIt dilates the arteries throughout the body

A patient is starting doxazosin, an alpha-blocker, for hypertension. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake it with a large glass of grapefruit juice to improve absorption
2. BAvoid all potassium-containing foods
3. CStop it suddenly if the heart rate rises after the first few doses
4. DTake the first dose at bedtime, as dizziness and fainting can occur

Shortly after a permanent pacemaker is inserted via the subclavian vein, the patient becomes breathless with reduced breath sounds on that side. What complication should be suspected?

1. APericarditis
2. BPulmonary oedema
3. CPneumothorax
4. DAsthma

After positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is increased on a ventilated patient, the blood pressure falls. What is the most likely reason?

1. AHigher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
2. BPEEP causes immediate blood loss from the alveolar capillaries
3. CPEEP lowers the blood oxygen level
4. DPEEP directly weakens the heart muscle and its contraction

Four hours after abdominal surgery, a patient's heart rate has risen from 84 to 122/min and they are restless and pale. BP is still 118/76 mmHg, and the surgical drain is filling with blood. What should the nurse conclude?

1. AThe tachycardia is from pain and needs only analgesia
2. BEarly haemorrhagic shock is likely, so escalate urgently
3. CThe patient is stable because the blood pressure is normal
4. DThe drain is working well, so no action is needed