Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologica con soluzioni

What does dysphagia mean?

1. APainful passing of urine
2. BDifficulty swallowing
3. CDifficulty speaking clearly
4. DIndigestion after fatty food

Radiotherapy to the pelvis commonly causes which side effects?

1. ADiarrhoea and frequent, painful passing of urine
2. BHair loss from the scalp
3. CDry mouth and changes in taste for many months afterwards
4. DCough and breathlessness

Come descrivono tipicamente i pazienti il dolore neuropatico?

1. AUn dolore pulsante solo quando l'area viene premuta
2. BUn dolore crampiforme che viene a ondate
3. CUn dolore sordo che peggiora con il movimento
4. DBruciante, lancinante o come scosse elettriche

Why is IV hydration given with cisplatin?

1. ATo make the drug less effective
2. BTo prevent hair loss
3. CTo protect the kidneys from damage
4. DTo raise the blood pressure during treatment

Which task for a stable patient with an established ileostomy can usually be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. AAssessing the stoma for signs of necrosis
2. BEmptying the pouch and measuring the output
3. CDeciding whether IV fluids are needed
4. DTeaching the patient about high-output risks

Which pain pattern classically suggests a duodenal rather than a gastric ulcer?

1. APain straight after eating that is worsened by food
2. BPain only on deep breathing that eases when sitting forwards
3. CPain in the right lower abdomen with fever and vomiting
4. DPain 2–3 hours after meals and at night, eased by eating

An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?

1. AIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
2. BLie the patient flat with the legs raised
3. CStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate
4. DEncourage the patient to drink more fluids

Al giorno 3 dopo un'ustione maggiore, il paziente inizia a eliminare grandi volumi di urina. Quale problema elettrolitico deve prevedere l'infermiere?

1. AIpernatremia, mentre i reni iniziano a trattenere sodio
2. BIpokaliemia, mentre i liquidi tornano nel circolo
3. CIpercalcemia, causata da riposo a letto e immobilizzazione
4. DIperkaliemia, mentre il nuovo danno tissutale libera potassio