Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: gastrointestinale, perioperatoria e oncologica con soluzioni

Which feature is typical of Crohn's disease?

1. AIt affects only the liver and bile ducts
2. BIt affects only the rectum and colon, in one continuous stretch
3. CIt can affect any part of the gut, with normal bowel in between
4. DIt affects only the stomach lining and causes ulcers there

What is an autograft in burn care?

1. ASkin taken from a donor who has died
2. BSkin taken from another part of the patient's own body
3. CSkin taken from a pig or other animal
4. DA synthetic dressing made in a laboratory from collagen

Quale consiglio aiuta un paziente con mucosite orale da chemioterapia?

1. AUn collutorio alcolico usato più volte al giorno per disinfettare
2. BSospendere ogni cura della bocca finché il dolore non passa
3. CCura delicata con uno spazzolino morbido e sciacqui con soluzione fisiologica
4. DCibi caldi e piccanti per stimolare il flusso della saliva

A patient has taken oral prednisolone daily for many months. Why is this important before surgery?

1. AThey may need extra steroid cover to prevent an adrenal crisis
2. BSteroids prevent all wound infections after surgery
3. CSteroids must always be stopped a full week before any type of surgery
4. DSteroids make the anaesthetic drugs last much longer

Which factor can precipitate hepatic encephalopathy in a patient with cirrhosis?

1. AConstipation
2. BRegular gentle walking
3. CA low-salt diet
4. DA high fluid intake

How should a patient with facial burns usually be positioned?

1. ALying face down on the pillow to protect the airway
2. BIn any position that keeps the face covered
3. CLying flat with the head lower than the feet
4. DWith the head of the bed raised to reduce swelling

Why is an SGLT2 inhibitor such as dapagliflozin usually withheld before surgery?

1. AIt causes the surgical wound to bleed more
2. BIt interacts with all general anaesthetic gases and stops them working
3. CIt makes the patient's potassium dangerously high
4. DIt raises the risk of ketoacidosis, even with near-normal glucose

An 80-year-old has a fluid balance 3 L positive two days after surgery. They are now breathless, with crackles at both lung bases and swollen ankles. What should the nurse do?

1. AEncourage the patient to drink more fluids
2. BIncrease the IV fluid rate to improve kidney flow
3. CLie the patient flat with the legs raised
4. DStop the IV fluids, sit the patient up and escalate