Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Which side effect is linked to SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin?

1. AOrange urine
2. BGenital fungal infections
3. COvergrowth of the gums
4. DHair loss

Which hormone do the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets make?

1. AGlucagon
2. BInsulin
3. CSomatostatin
4. DAmylase

Which symptoms are typical of a prolactinoma in a woman?

1. AVery dark skin creases and a craving for salt
2. BMilky nipple discharge and irregular periods
3. CWeight loss with heat intolerance and a fine tremor
4. DKidney stones, bone pain and constipation

Why is propranolol given to a patient with hyperthyroidism?

1. ATo stop the thyroid gland from making any more hormones
2. BTo destroy overactive thyroid tissue over a few weeks
3. CTo ease tremor and palpitations while other treatment starts
4. DTo replace the hormone lost from the thyroid gland

A patient who has had type 1 diabetes for 30 years says they no longer feel the warning signs of a hypo. What is this called?

1. AInsulin resistance
2. BHypoglycaemia unawareness
3. CDiabetic ketoacidosis
4. DThe dawn phenomenon

Before surgery for a phaeochromocytoma, why is an alpha-blocker started before any beta-blocker?

1. AA beta-blocker alone can cause a dangerous rise in BP
2. BBeta-blockers given first would make the tumour grow faster
3. CAlpha-blockers lower the blood glucose before surgery
4. DThe order of the two drugs makes no difference

A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?

1. A3% saline
2. B8,4% sodium bicarbonate
3. C20% human albumin
4. D5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)

Why may HbA1c be unreliable in a patient with haemolytic anaemia or a recent large blood transfusion?

1. AThe test only measures the glucose in the plasma, not in the cells
2. BAnaemia always makes the HbA1c very high
3. CBlood transfusions contain large amounts of glucose
4. DIt depends on how long red blood cells survive in the blood