Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Quale posizione della testa si usa in genere per un paziente con ipertensione endocranica?

1. ASdraiato, con la testa ruotata bene su un lato
2. BSeduto eretto, con il collo flesso in avanti
3. CTesta più bassa del corpo (Trendelenburg)
4. DTesta sollevata di circa 30°, con il collo dritto

What is the main cause of the movement problems in Parkinson's disease?

1. AAntibodies that attack acetylcholine receptors in muscle
2. BToo much dopamine released in the basal ganglia
3. CLoss of the myelin sheath around nerves in the brain and spinal cord
4. DLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra

The nurse asks a patient to shrug their shoulders against resistance. Which cranial nerve is being tested?

1. AAccessory nerve (XI)
2. BHypoglossal nerve (XII)
3. CTrigeminal nerve (V)
4. DFacial nerve (VII)

A bladder scan straight after voiding shows 450 mL of urine still in the bladder. What does this show?

1. AThe bladder is not emptying properly
2. BThe patient is passing urine normally
3. CThe patient has drunk too little fluid
4. DThe kidneys are making too little urine

A patient has just started haemodialysis. What usually happens to their protein needs?

1. AThey stay exactly the same as they were before dialysis
2. BThey fall to almost zero to rest the kidneys
3. CProtein must be replaced only by IV infusion
4. DThey increase, because dialysis removes amino acids

Which signs suggest rejection of a kidney transplant?

1. AA rash on the face after sun exposure
2. BMore urine, a falling creatinine and weight loss
3. CLess urine, a rising creatinine and a tender graft
4. DA cough, wheeze and a runny nose with sneezing

A patient with a brain injury has a mean arterial pressure of 80 mmHg and an ICP of 25 mmHg. How should the nurse interpret this?

1. AThe ICP cannot affect brain perfusion if the blood pressure is normal
2. BThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 105 mmHg, which is too high
3. CThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 80 mmHg, which is normal
4. DThe cerebral perfusion pressure is 55 mmHg, below the usual target

A patient arrives five hours after the onset of a stroke. A CT angiogram shows a blockage of a large artery in the brain. What is the most appropriate next step?

1. AUrgent referral for assessment for mechanical thrombectomy
2. BNo treatment, because the time for any reperfusion has passed
3. CStart IV alteplase immediately without further imaging
4. DGive aspirin and plan a review on the ward tomorrow