Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

What does the term epilepsy mean?

1. AA seizure caused only by low blood sugar
2. BA single seizure caused by a high fever
3. CAny brief loss of consciousness, such as fainting
4. DA tendency to have recurrent seizures that are not provoked

Where is a transplanted kidney usually placed?

1. AIn the original kidney position at the back
2. BIn the lower abdomen, in the iliac fossa
3. CIn the chest, next to the heart
4. DJust under the skin of the arm

A patient with Bell's palsy cannot close one eye fully. Which advice is most important?

1. ALeave the eye uncovered so air can dry it out
2. BMassage the closed eyeball firmly several times every day
3. CUse lubricating eye drops and protect or tape the eye at night
4. DWear contact lenses to keep the eye moist

A patient who has had type 1 diabetes for 30 years says they no longer feel the warning signs of a hypo. What is this called?

1. ADiabetic ketoacidosis
2. BHypoglycaemia unawareness
3. CThe dawn phenomenon
4. DInsulin resistance

Why should antiepileptic drugs not be stopped suddenly?

1. AThe drugs build up in the body and become toxic after stopping
2. BSudden withdrawal can trigger seizures, including status epilepticus
3. CStopping them suddenly causes a dangerous rise in blood pressure
4. DStopping them suddenly causes permanent damage to the liver and kidneys

Why can a patient with an insulin pump develop DKA within hours if the pump stops working?

1. AThe battery in the pump releases chemicals into the blood
2. BThe pump gives long-acting insulin, which builds up and stops working all at once
3. CThe body becomes allergic to insulin when the pump stops
4. DThe pump gives only rapid-acting insulin, so there is no long-acting reserve

Which statement correctly distinguishes spinal shock from neurogenic shock?

1. AThey are two names for exactly the same condition
2. BNeurogenic shock is caused by blood loss; spinal shock is caused by infection
3. CSpinal shock is low blood pressure; neurogenic shock is the loss of reflexes
4. DSpinal shock is lost reflexes; neurogenic shock is low BP and slow pulse

A patient is being assessed for brain death (brainstem death). Which condition must be excluded before testing?

1. AA history of high blood pressure
2. BEffects of sedative drugs or severe hypothermia
3. CA haemoglobin of 110 g/L (11 g/dL)
4. DA previous episode of migraine