Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

Quale esame del sangue si usa più comunemente per stimare la funzione renale?

1. ACreatinina sierica (eGFR)
2. BHbA1c (emoglobina glicata)
3. CLivello di albumina sierica
4. DLivello di amilasi sierica

Qual è il corretto primo soccorso durante una crisi tonico-clonica generalizzata?

1. AMettere la persona seduta e darle sorsi d'acqua per prevenire il soffocamento
2. BProteggere la testa con un cuscino, cronometrare la crisi e non mettere nulla in bocca
3. CMettere un cucchiaio o una cannula di plastica tra i denti il prima possibile
4. DTenere fermi con forza braccia e gambe finché le scosse non cessano

Quali caratteristiche sono tipiche della sindrome di Cushing?

1. AGrandi volumi di urina diluita con grande sete
2. BPerdita di peso, pressione bassa e cute scurita
3. CIntolleranza al freddo, polso lento, cute secca e caduta diffusa dei capelli
4. DAumento di peso centrale, viso a luna piena, cute sottile, glicemia alta

After transsphenoidal pituitary surgery, which advice should the patient follow?

1. ALie completely flat for at least a week after surgery
2. BAvoid blowing the nose, straining and bending forward
3. CDrink through a straw to keep the nose clean
4. DBlow the nose often to clear any clots

A urine dipstick is positive for nitrites. What does this suggest?

1. AThe patient is dehydrated and needs more fluid
2. BThe urine has a lot of glucose in it
3. CBacteria that convert nitrate are present
4. DThe kidneys are losing too much protein

Which statement about storing insulin is correct?

1. AUnopened insulin goes in the fridge and must never be frozen
2. BInsulin that has been frozen can be used once it has thawed
3. CInsulin should be kept on a sunny windowsill to stay warm
4. DAll insulin must be stored in the freezer to keep it stable

A patient with myasthenia gravis took extra pyridostigmine doses. They now have more weakness, heavy salivation, sweating, diarrhoea, small pupils and a slow pulse. What is most likely?

1. AAn allergic reaction to the drug
2. BA normal response to a higher dose
3. CA myasthenic crisis from too little medication
4. DA cholinergic crisis from too much medication

A patient with diabetes insipidus after head trauma needs hourly urine output measurement. Which task can be delegated to a trained healthcare assistant (nursing assistant)?

1. ADeciding whether to give the next desmopressin dose
2. BMeasuring hourly urine and reporting results above a set amount
3. CInterpreting the serum sodium results
4. DAssessing the patient's level of consciousness