Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

What does the term epilepsy mean?

1. AA seizure caused only by low blood sugar
2. BA tendency to have recurrent seizures that are not provoked
3. CAny brief loss of consciousness, such as fainting
4. DA single seizure caused by a high fever

What is the most common cause of intrinsic (renal) acute kidney injury in hospital?

1. AAn enlarged prostate
2. BKidney stones
3. CPolycystic kidney disease
4. DAcute tubular necrosis

Which classic triad is described in renal cell carcinoma, although few patients have all three?

1. AFever, headache and a stiff neck
2. BPolyuria, thirst and weight loss with tiredness
3. CHaematuria, flank pain and a palpable mass
4. DDysuria, frequency and urgency

A patient taking warfarin is diagnosed with an intracerebral haemorrhage. What is the priority treatment?

1. AUrgent reversal of the anticoagulant effect
2. BDoubling the warfarin dose to stabilise the INR
3. CStarting aspirin to prevent further clots
4. DIV thrombolysis within 4,5 hours

Why is pyridostigmine often taken about 30–60 minutes before meals by patients with myasthenia gravis?

1. ATo improve the strength of chewing and swallowing at mealtimes
2. BTo lower the blood glucose rise after eating a meal
3. CTo reduce stomach acid so the food is digested better
4. DTo stop the drug from irritating an empty stomach later on

A patient on insulin asks about drinking alcohol. Which advice is correct?

1. AAlcohol should replace a meal on the days it is drunk
2. BAlcohol raises glucose, so extra insulin should be taken first
3. CAlcohol has no effect on blood glucose in people with diabetes
4. DAlcohol can cause hypos, even the next day, so eat carbs with it

Un paziente anziano con diabete di tipo 2 ha glicemia 48 mmol/L, osmolalità 365 mOsm/kg, nessun chetone significativo e confusione. Qual è la prima priorità?

1. AGlucosio per bocca per prevenire l'ipoglicemia durante il trattamento
2. BRigida restrizione dei liquidi per evitare l'edema cerebrale
3. CUn grande bolo di insulina EV per portare la glicemia alla norma entro un'ora
4. DLiquidi EV con cautela e controlli ravvicinati di osmolalità, sodio e glicemia

Un infermiere assiste quattro pazienti. Quale paziente deve essere visto per primo?

1. AUn paziente con MRC che chiede del suo chelante del fosfato
2. BUn paziente dopo craniotomia la cui pupilla destra è di recente dilatata e lenta a reagire
3. CUn paziente con ipotiroidismo stabile che deve ricevere la levotiroxina
4. DUn paziente in dialisi peritoneale con effluente limpido