Scheda di esercizi di Area medico-chirurgica: neurologica, endocrina e renale con soluzioni

In primary hypothyroidism, what is the usual TSH result?

1. ALow
2. BHigh
3. CNormal
4. DUndetectable

What is urge incontinence?

1. ALeaking because the toilet is too far away
2. BA sudden, strong need to pass urine, followed by leaking
3. CLeaking only when laughing, coughing or lifting heavy objects
4. DDribbling because the bladder never empties

What causes myasthenia gravis?

1. ADamage to myelin in the brain and spinal cord
2. BLoss of dopamine-producing cells in the midbrain
3. CCompression of a nerve root in the lower back
4. DAntibodies against acetylcholine receptors on muscle

Which lifestyle advice best helps a patient with epilepsy reduce their seizures?

1. ADrink coffee in the evening to stay alert
2. BKeep regular sleep and take every dose on time
3. CAvoid all physical exercise and stay indoors
4. DSkip a dose on days without any warning signs

A patient with gout has recurrent uric acid kidney stones. Which treatment helps prevent them?

1. ARestricting fluids in the evening only
2. BCalcium tablets and a low-fluid diet
3. CAllopurinol and making the urine less acidic
4. DVitamin C supplements and a high-meat diet

An 82-year-old taking apixaban fell three weeks ago. Since then their family has noticed increasing confusion and headaches. Which condition is most likely?

1. AAcute extradural haematoma
2. BSubarachnoid haemorrhage from an aneurysm
3. CNormal ageing with mild memory loss
4. DChronic subdural haematoma

Un paziente con grave trauma cranico non apre gli occhi e, in risposta al dolore, le braccia si estendono e ruotano verso l'interno con le gambe estese. Che cosa indica?

1. APostura in estensione (decerebrazione): grave lesione del tronco encefalico
2. BUna crisi focale che cesserà senza trattamento
3. CPostura in flessione (decorticazione), segno di lieve lesione corticale
4. DUna normale risposta di retrazione a uno stimolo doloroso

A patient on a variable rate IV insulin infusion is nil by mouth. Why is a glucose-containing IV fluid usually given alongside it?

1. ATo stop the insulin sticking to the IV tubing
2. BTo speed up the action of the insulin in the muscles
3. CTo prevent hypoglycaemia while insulin is running
4. DTo replace the potassium lost from the cells