Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

With patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), who should press the button to give a dose?

1. AOnly the patient
2. BA family member when the patient is asleep
3. CAny visitor who thinks the patient is in pain
4. DThe nursing assistant at set times

Che cos'è un agonista?

1. AUn farmaco che distrugge il recettore
2. BUn farmaco che si lega a un recettore e lo attiva
3. CUn farmaco che accelera la propria escrezione
4. DUn farmaco che si lega a un recettore e lo blocca

What is a "superinfection" during antibiotic treatment?

1. AA new infection because normal body flora are disturbed
2. BAn infection that spreads from one patient to another on the ward
3. CA very severe form of the original infection
4. DAn infection that is cured by a single antibiotic dose

Which assessment is most important before giving a dose of IV morphine?

1. APupil size and hearing
2. BRespiratory rate and level of sedation
3. CBowel sounds and urine colour
4. DBlood glucose and temperature, checked before each dose

Which adverse effect of doxorubicin requires monitoring of heart function?

1. ARapid rise in cholesterol
2. BSevere hypertension during the infusion itself
3. CCumulative heart muscle damage leading to heart failure
4. DPericarditis caused by infection

A patient with Addison's disease on hydrocortisone develops a fever with flu. What is the usual advice?

1. AStop the hydrocortisone until the fever settles, to let the body recover
2. BIncrease the dose as instructed (sick-day rules) and seek help if vomiting
3. CHalve the hydrocortisone to reduce side effects
4. DMake no change, as illness does not affect cortisol needs

A patient with severe chronic hyponatraemia receives hypertonic saline. Why is the rate of correction strictly limited?

1. ARaising sodium too fast causes severe hypokalaemia and cardiac arrest
2. BHypertonic saline is toxic to the liver at high rates
3. CRaising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
4. DFast correction causes immediate kidney failure

Why is vancomycin given by mouth, not intravenously, for Clostridioides difficile infection?

1. AIntravenous vancomycin causes C. difficile infection
2. BThe oral form is cheaper but has the same effect as IV
3. COral vancomycin is not absorbed, so it reaches high levels in the colon
4. DOral vancomycin is absorbed into the blood better than IV vancomycin