Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Which vasopressor is usually first-line for septic shock that persists after fluids?

1. ANoradrenaline (norepinephrine)
2. BGlyceryl trinitrate
3. CIsoprenaline (isoproterenol)
4. DAdenosine

L'ondansetron si usa principalmente per trattare:

1. ANausea e vomito
2. BIpertensione arteriosa
3. CStitichezza
4. DInfezioni batteriche

Which long-term side effect of phenytoin makes good oral hygiene especially important?

1. ABlue-grey discoloration of the teeth and gums
2. BExcess saliva production
3. CLoss of taste
4. DOvergrowth of the gums (gingival hyperplasia)

Which statement about allopurinol is correct?

1. AIt works within an hour to relieve joint pain
2. BIt lowers uric acid over time and does not relieve the pain of an acute attack
3. CIt increases uric acid production to flush out crystals
4. DIt is taken only during an acute attack and stopped as soon as the pain settles

A patient takes theophylline for COPD. Which advice is most important?

1. ATake extra doses when short of breath
2. BDrink plenty of grapefruit juice each morning to improve absorption
3. CAvoid potassium-rich foods such as bananas
4. DLimit coffee, tea and cola, because caffeine adds to the side effects

Why is hypovolaemia corrected with IV fluids before or while starting a vasopressor?

1. AVasopressors cause the patient to retain too much fluid
2. BVasopressors cannot keep perfusion up if the circulation is under-filled
3. CFluids stop the vasopressor causing a fever
4. DVasopressors only work when they are diluted in large fluid volumes

A patient receiving frequent salbutamol (albuterol) nebulisers develops a fine tremor and a heart rate of 120 per minute. What is the best explanation?

1. AThe patient is allergic to salbutamol and needs adrenaline
2. BSalbutamol causes high potassium, which speeds the heart and causes muscle twitching
3. CAt high doses it also stimulates beta receptors in skeletal muscle and the heart
4. DSalbutamol blocks muscarinic receptors in the heart

A patient on stable warfarin is prescribed a course of metronidazole. What is the likely effect, and what should the nurse expect?

1. AMetronidazole replaces warfarin, so warfarin is stopped
2. BThe INR falls, so the risk of clotting increases
3. CThe INR stays the same, as these drugs do not interact
4. DThe INR rises, so closer INR monitoring is needed