Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Why is carbidopa combined with levodopa?

1. AIt blocks dopamine receptors to reduce nausea in the brain
2. BIt stops levodopa turning into dopamine outside the brain
3. CIt increases the breakdown of dopamine in the liver
4. DIt converts levodopa into dopamine inside the gut

How does tramadol relieve pain?

1. AAntagonising NMDA receptors in the spinal cord and blocking sodium channels
2. BBlocking COX enzymes in the periphery
3. CBlocking sodium channels in peripheral nerves
4. DWeak opioid agonism plus inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline

Before giving any medication, how should the nurse identify the patient?

1. ACheck the room and bed number against the medication chart
2. BRead the name on the sign next to the door
3. CAsk "Are you Mr Jones?" and wait for a nod
4. DUse two identifiers, such as full name and date of birth

Why is directly observed therapy (DOT) often used for tuberculosis?

1. APatients with TB cannot swallow tablets
2. BTB drugs must always be given intravenously in hospital
3. CTreatment lasts months, and missed doses cause resistance
4. DThe drugs work only if a nurse is present

Quale è un noto effetto avverso dei corticosteroidi orali a lungo termine?

1. AIpoglicemia
2. BOsteoporosi
3. CPressione arteriosa bassa
4. DCalo di peso

Why should loperamide usually be avoided in bloody diarrhoea with fever?

1. ALoperamide causes severe hypertension when there is an infection
2. BLoperamide is an antibiotic that causes resistance
3. CSlowing the gut may keep bacteria and toxins in the bowel longer
4. DLoperamide makes the bleeding worse by blocking platelets

Which strategy is most effective at preventing errors with IV insulin infusions?

1. AWriting "U" for units on the order
2. BPreparing insulin infusions in advance and leaving them unlabelled
3. CUsing insulin syringes to measure large IV volumes
4. DAn independent double check and a smart pump with a drug library

La clearance di un farmaco si dimezza a causa di un'insufficienza renale, mentre il suo volume di distribuzione resta invariato. Che cosa succede alla sua emivita?

1. AQuadruplica
2. BResta invariata
3. CRaddoppia
4. DSi dimezza