Scheda di esercizi di Farmacologia con soluzioni

Qual è il ruolo principale dei corticosteroidi inalatori nell'asma?

1. AUccidere i batteri nelle vie aeree
2. BFluidificare il muco per poterlo espettorare
3. CRidurre l'infiammazione delle vie aeree e prevenire gli attacchi
4. DRisolvere in pochi minuti un broncospasmo improvviso

Before giving any medication, how should the nurse identify the patient?

1. AAsk "Are you Mr Jones?" and wait for a nod
2. BUse two identifiers, such as full name and date of birth
3. CCheck the room and bed number against the medication chart
4. DRead the name on the sign next to the door

Infliximab and adalimumab are biological drugs that block:

1. AHistamine H1 receptors in the skin and airways
2. BInsulin receptors
3. CTumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)
4. DVitamin K recycling

A patient receives lactulose for hepatic encephalopathy. Which finding shows that it is working?

1. ABetter alertness and orientation, with two to three soft stools a day
2. BHigher blood ammonia with improved appetite
3. CNo bowel movement for three days, with less confusion than before
4. DTen watery stools a day and a low serum potassium

Why are patients taking simvastatin often advised to avoid large amounts of grapefruit juice?

1. AGrapefruit makes the tablet dissolve in the mouth
2. BGrapefruit blocks cholesterol absorption and causes low cholesterol
3. CGrapefruit speeds up simvastatin breakdown in the liver, so the drug stops working
4. DGrapefruit inhibits CYP3A4 in the gut, raising simvastatin levels and myopathy risk

Why should NSAIDs be used with caution in some people with asthma?

1. AThey cause mucus plugs by drying the airways
2. BThey can trigger bronchospasm in aspirin-sensitive asthma
3. CThey block the anti-inflammatory effect of inhaled corticosteroids
4. DThey increase the clearance of salbutamol

Why is vincristine labelled "for intravenous use only – fatal if given by other routes"?

1. ASubcutaneous injection makes the drug inactive
2. BAccidental intrathecal injection causes fatal ascending neurotoxicity
3. CIntramuscular injection causes severe and prolonged hypoglycaemia
4. DOral vincristine causes immediate anaphylaxis

A patient with severe chronic hyponatraemia receives hypertonic saline. Why is the rate of correction strictly limited?

1. AFast correction causes immediate kidney failure
2. BRaising sodium too fast causes severe hypokalaemia and cardiac arrest
3. CRaising sodium too fast can cause osmotic demyelination in the brain
4. DHypertonic saline is toxic to the liver at high rates