A patient with SIADH needs IV fluid. Which fluid is most likely to worsen the hyponatraemia?
A5% glucose (dextrose, D5W)
B20% human albumin
C3% saline
D8.4% sodium bicarbonate
5.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
小腸閉塞と大腸閉塞の主な臨床的な違いは何ですか?
A小腸:著明な膨満のみ。大腸:痛みも嘔吐も膨満も全くない
B臨床的な違いはなく、CTでしか区別できない
C小腸:嘔吐がまったくない。大腸:膨満のない、早期の大量嘔吐
D小腸:早期の嘔吐で膨満は軽い。大腸:遅れて嘔吐し、著明な膨満
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
During radiotherapy to the chest, a patient develops pain on swallowing and is eating less. What is the most likely cause and nursing focus?
AA stomach ulcer; give an antacid after meals only
BRadiation oesophagitis; analgesia, soft food and nutrition support
CNormal ageing; no action needed
DA heart attack; give aspirin and arrange an ECG
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which side effect is associated with SGLT2 inhibitors such as dapagliflozin?
ASevere weight gain and fluid retention
BBradycardia
CGenital fungal infections
DHair loss
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient admitted after a fall takes many regular medicines. Which safety step on admission helps prevent medication errors?
AMedicines reconciliation against reliable sources, such as primary care records
BPrescribing only the medicines that the patient can remember taking
CDoubling the doses to make up for any missed while at home
DStopping all regular medicines until the day the patient is discharged
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has taken hydrochlorothiazide for several years. Which laboratory change is a recognized effect of this drug?
AA fall in serum calcium
BA rise in serum potassium
CA rise in serum uric acid
DA fall in blood glucose
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
An 82-year-old woman without a catheter has a urine culture growing bacteria, but no fever, urinary symptoms or change in mental state. What is the best interpretation?
AAsymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
BA urinary tract infection that needs urgent IV antibiotics
CContamination, so the culture must be repeated every week
DPyelonephritis, which needs admission and IV fluids today
A patient is receiving continuous tube feeds. Which action best reduces the risk of aspiration?
AIncrease the feed rate so the stomach empties sooner
BKeep the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
CTurn the feed off only while the patient is asleep at night
DLay the patient flat for an hour after each bag is hung
16.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which finding most suggests a tension pneumothorax rather than a simple pneumothorax?
AMild breathlessness with reduced breath sounds on one side of the chest only
BSharp chest pain that is worse on deep breathing
CA small air leak seen on a routine chest X-ray
DTrachea shifted away from the affected side, with low blood pressure
3溶液
1.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · Within about 10 minutes of arrival
これが答えになる理由
A 12-lead ECG should be recorded and interpreted within about 10 minutes of first contact, because STEMI needs immediate reperfusion. Repeat ECGs are taken if the pain changes or continues. Troponin results take longer and should not delay the ECG.
答え
D · Within about 10 minutes of arrival
2.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Stop smoking and do not fly until a doctor confirms full resolution
これが答えになる理由
Patients should not fly until the pneumothorax has resolved on X-ray, often with an extra waiting period. Diving is usually avoided permanently unless definitive surgery has been done. Smoking increases recurrence, which is common, so patients learn to seek help for new breathlessness or chest pain.
答え
C · Stop smoking and do not fly until a doctor confirms full resolution
5% glucose (5% dextrose, D5W) provides free water once the glucose is metabolised. In SIADH, this water is kept, so sodium falls further. Hypotonic fluids are avoided. Hypertonic saline is used for severe symptomatic hyponatraemia.
答え: B · Radiation oesophagitis; analgesia, soft food and nutrition support
これが答えになる理由
Radiotherapy to the chest can inflame the oesophagus, causing painful swallowing. Analgesia (sometimes before meals), soft moist food, nutritional supplements, dietitian input and monitoring weight are important.
答え
B · Radiation oesophagitis; analgesia, soft food and nutrition support
7.臨床看護学
答え: C · Genital fungal infections
これが答えになる理由
SGLT2 inhibitors cause glycosuria, which increases the risk of genital thrush and urinary infections. They can also rarely cause DKA with only modestly raised glucose.
答え
C · Genital fungal infections
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Medicines reconciliation against reliable sources, such as primary care records
これが答えになる理由
Medicines reconciliation compares several sources to produce an accurate medication list. It finds omissions, duplications and errors, and is especially important in older people with polypharmacy.
答え
A · Medicines reconciliation against reliable sources, such as primary care records
9.検査値と電解質
答え: C · A rise in serum uric acid
これが答えになる理由
Thiazides reduce uric acid excretion and can trigger gout. They also tend to lower potassium, sodium and magnesium, raise calcium (by reducing its excretion) and raise blood glucose and lipids.確認に用いた資料:Hydrochlorothiazide · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2026)
答え
C · A rise in serum uric acid
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · Asymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
これが答えになる理由
Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common in older adults and usually should not be treated, because treatment brings adverse effects and resistance without benefit. Exceptions include pregnancy and some urological procedures.確認に用いた資料:Asymptomatic Bacteriuria · StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf) (2023)
答え
A · Asymptomatic bacteriuria, usually not treated with antibiotics
答え: B · Keep the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
これが答えになる理由
Raising the head of the bed to at least 30 degrees during and after feeding lowers the risk of reflux and aspiration. Lying flat greatly increases the risk.
答え
B · Keep the head of the bed raised to at least 30 degrees
16.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Trachea shifted away from the affected side, with low blood pressure
これが答えになる理由
In tension pneumothorax, trapped air pushes the mediastinum to the other side, reducing venous return and blood pressure. It is life-threatening and needs immediate decompression.
答え
D · Trachea shifted away from the affected side, with low blood pressure