Which patient with a spinal cord injury is at risk of autonomic dysreflexia?
AA patient with an injury at L3
BA patient with an injury at L5
CA patient with an injury at S2
DA patient with an injury at T4
5.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Which advice helps a patient with haemorrhoids?
ASit on the toilet for long periods to empty fully
BEat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
CTake a codeine-based painkiller every day
DEat less fibre so that stools are smaller
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Four hours after surgery, a catheterised patient's urine output has been 10 mL/h for two hours. Vital signs are stable. What should the nurse check first?
AYesterday's chest X-ray and blood gas results
BThe time the patient last ate
CWhether the patient wants a cup of tea
DThat the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
7.臨床看護学ふつう
A patient with Guillain–Barré syndrome has weakness spreading upwards from the legs. Which monitoring is most important?
ABlood glucose, measured once a day before breakfast
BWeekly weight
CVisual acuity
DBreathing function, such as forced vital capacity
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A healthcare assistant reports four observations. Which one needs the nurse's immediate action?
A"Mr Patel's breathing rate is 8 a minute and he's hard to wake."
B"Mrs Jones would like a cup of tea and her glasses cleaned."
A swimmer is found unresponsive after diving into shallow water. Which method should the nurse use to open the airway?
ARaising the chin while bending the neck forward
BHead-tilt, chin-lift with full neck extension
CTurning the head to the side to drain water
DJaw thrust, keeping the head and neck in line
16.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
Which patient is the best choice for the room closest to the nurses’ station?
AA patient with stable diabetes who walks independently
BA patient admitted for a planned scan, feeling well
CA confused older adult at high risk of falls
DA young adult waiting for discharge tomorrow
3溶液
1.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: C · Ambulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
これが答えになる理由
"White-coat" hypertension means raised readings only in clinical settings. Ambulatory monitoring over 24 hours or a structured series of home readings gives a truer picture and is widely recommended before diagnosing hypertension.
答え
C · Ambulatory or structured home blood pressure monitoring
2.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · Higher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
これが答えになる理由
PEEP keeps alveoli open and improves oxygenation, but higher intrathoracic pressure impedes venous return, reducing preload and cardiac output, especially in hypovolaemic patients. The team may give fluid or adjust PEEP. High pressures also risk barotrauma.
答え
B · Higher chest pressure reduces venous return to the heart
Autonomic dysreflexia usually occurs with injuries at T6 or above. Below this level, the body can still control the sympathetic response to stimuli such as a full bladder. Lumbar and sacral injuries do not usually cause it.
答え
D · A patient with an injury at T4
5.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: B · Eat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
これが答えになる理由
Soft stools reduce straining and pressure on the anal cushions. Long sitting on the toilet and constipating drugs such as codeine should be avoided.
答え
B · Eat more fibre, drink enough fluid and avoid straining
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · That the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
これが答えになる理由
A sudden low output may be due to a kinked tube or blocked catheter. If drainage is normal, hypovolaemia or kidney injury is considered and the team is informed, with a fluid assessment.
答え
D · That the catheter and tubing are not kinked or blocked
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · Breathing function, such as forced vital capacity
これが答えになる理由
Guillain–Barré syndrome can paralyse the respiratory muscles. Serial vital capacity measurements help identify patients who need ventilation before they deteriorate.
答え
D · Breathing function, such as forced vital capacity
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · "Mr Patel's breathing rate is 8 a minute and he's hard to wake."
これが答えになる理由
A low respiratory rate with reduced consciousness suggests respiratory depression, for example from opioids. It needs immediate assessment and escalation.
答え
A · "Mr Patel's breathing rate is 8 a minute and he's hard to wake."
PEA は、波形だけでなくベッドサイドで確認して判断します。これは試験対策の練習であり、臨床の指針ではありません。
15.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: D · Jaw thrust, keeping the head and neck in line
これが答えになる理由
A diving injury may damage the cervical spine. A jaw thrust opens the airway with little neck movement; if it fails, the airway still takes priority.
答え
D · Jaw thrust, keeping the head and neck in line
16.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · A confused older adult at high risk of falls
これが答えになる理由
A confused patient at high risk of falls benefits from being close to staff, so they can be observed and helped quickly. The other patients are stable and independent.