Why can a patient with an insulin pump develop DKA within hours if the pump stops working?
AThe pump gives only rapid-acting insulin, so there is no long-acting reserve
BThe body becomes allergic to insulin when the pump stops
CThe pump gives long-acting insulin, which builds up and stops working all at once
DThe battery in the pump releases chemicals into the blood
4.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
The nurse has four urology patients. Which one needs to be seen first?
AA patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
BA patient with stress incontinence asking about pelvic floor exercises
CA patient after TURP with light pink drainage and mild discomfort
DA patient with a suprapubic catheter due for a routine change
5.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
腹水の経過を追うために用いる、ベッドサイドのアセスメントはどれですか?
A1日2回の瞳孔の大きさと反応
B毎食前の毛細血管血糖
C毎日の体重と腹囲
Dピークフローと酸素飽和度
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
During a nerve block, a patient reports a metallic taste and ringing in the ears, then has a seizure. Besides calling for help and supporting the airway, which specific treatment is given?
AIV glucose 50%
BIV naloxone
CIV lipid emulsion
DIV dantrolene
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Why must a patient with a new coronary stent not stop their antiplatelet medicines without specialist advice?
AStopping early greatly increases the risk of a clot forming in the stent
BThe stent will dissolve if the drugs are stopped before the course ends
CStopping causes immediate kidney failure
DStopping causes severe low blood pressure
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
After a head injury, a patient has clear fluid leaking from the nose. What does this most likely suggest?
AA base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
BAllergic rhinitis triggered by the hospital environment
CA normal and harmless response to head trauma
DAcute sinusitis
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient has a calcium of 11.8 mg/dL (2.95 mmol/L) from bone metastases. Which nursing measure is appropriate?
AOffer extra milk and cheese at each meal
BEncourage bed rest and limit oral fluids
CGive calcium carbonate antacids for nausea
DEncourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
10.検査値と電解質むずかしい
The nurse teaches a patient starting lithium. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?
A"I will cut out salt from my diet completely to stay healthy"
B"I will tell my doctor if I have vomiting or diarrhea"
C"I will drink plenty of fluids, especially in hot weather"
D"I will check with the pharmacist before taking ibuprofen"
答え: A · The pump gives only rapid-acting insulin, so there is no long-acting reserve
これが答えになる理由
Insulin pumps deliver a continuous flow of rapid-acting insulin. If delivery stops, there is no depot of long-acting insulin, so ketones can rise within a few hours. Patients carry pens or syringes as a backup.
答え
A · The pump gives only rapid-acting insulin, so there is no long-acting reserve
4.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: A · A patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
これが答えになる理由
Rigors and hypotension in a patient with a nephrostomy suggest urosepsis, which needs immediate assessment and treatment. Light pink drainage after TURP is expected. The other patients are stable.
答え
A · A patient with a nephrostomy who has rigors and a BP of 86/50 mmHg
These are signs of local anaesthetic systemic toxicity. The injection is stopped, help is called, the airway is secured and seizures are treated. IV lipid emulsion is the specific treatment, especially if the circulation is affected.
答え
C · IV lipid emulsion
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Stopping early greatly increases the risk of a clot forming in the stent
これが答えになる理由
Dual antiplatelet therapy prevents stent thrombosis while the stent becomes covered by the artery lining. Stopping early can cause a sudden myocardial infarction.
答え
A · Stopping early greatly increases the risk of a clot forming in the stent
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · A base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
これが答えになる理由
Clear fluid from the nose or ear after head injury suggests a CSF leak from a skull base fracture, with a risk of meningitis. Nasal tubes and nose-blowing should be avoided and the patient reviewed urgently.
答え
A · A base-of-skull fracture with a cerebrospinal fluid leak
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Encourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
これが答えになる理由
Hydration helps the kidneys excrete calcium and prevents stones, and weight-bearing mobility slows calcium loss from bone. Calcium-containing foods and antacids are not encouraged. The nurse also monitors for confusion, constipation and arrhythmias.確認に用いた資料:Hypercalcemia · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2026)
答え
D · Encourage fluids and mobility as tolerated
10.検査値と電解質
答え: A · "I will cut out salt from my diet completely to stay healthy"
これが答えになる理由
A sudden fall in sodium intake makes the kidneys keep more sodium and lithium, raising the lithium level towards toxicity. Patients keep a normal, steady salt intake, drink enough fluids, report fluid loss and avoid NSAIDs unless approved.
答え
A · "I will cut out salt from my diet completely to stay healthy"
答え: A · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
これが答えになる理由
During a seizure the nurse protects the patient from injury and turns them to the side to keep the airway clear. Nothing is put in the mouth, movements are not restrained and nothing is given by mouth.
答え
A · Protect the head and turn the patient on their side when possible
16.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: A · Red (immediate)
これが答えになる理由
In JumpSTART, a respiratory rate below 15 or above 45 per minute makes the child immediate (red). Children breathe faster than adults, so the adult cut-off of 30 is not used.