内科外科看護：直前対策パック

長時間のフライト中や手術後のDVT予防に役立つ助言はどれですか？

1. A膝のすぐ下をきつい伸縮バンドで締める
2. Bトイレに立たなくてすむよう、飲む量を減らす
3. C足首の運動を定期的に行い、十分に水分をとる
4. D楽なように脚を組んで座る

15 L/分の非再呼吸式マスクを使っている息苦しい患者の、リザーバーバッグが、呼吸のたびに完全にしぼんでしまいます。看護師はどうすべきですか？

1. Aバッグがふくらんだままになるよう、酸素供給と流量を確認する
2. Bバッグがしぼまないよう、流量を2 L/分に下げる
3. Cしぼむのは密着している証拠なので、そのままにする
4. Dマスクはバッグなしでも働くので、バッグを外す

頭蓋内圧の上昇を予防するのに役立つ看護はどれですか？

1. A便秘を予防し、ケアの間隔をあける
2. B1時間ごとに強く咳をするよう促す
3. C股関節を深く曲げて、水平に寝かせる
4. Dすべてのケアと吸引を一度の長い時間で行う

After removal of a cortisol-producing adrenal adenoma, why may the patient need hydrocortisone for months?

1. AThe other adrenal gland has been suppressed
2. BThe operation always removes both adrenal glands
3. CThe tumour will grow back quickly without it
4. DHydrocortisone helps the wound to heal

Aspirate from a nasogastric tube has a pH of 7. What should the nurse do?

1. ADo not use it; re-test later or arrange an X-ray as per policy
2. BGive the medicines but not the feed
3. CStart the feed slowly and watch the patient closely for coughing
4. DFlush with 50 mL of air and start the feed

After a high-voltage electrical injury, a patient's urine is dark red-brown. What does this suggest and what is the usual aim?

1. ANormal concentrated urine; restrict fluids
2. BA urinary infection; send a sample and wait for the result
3. CMyoglobin from muscle damage; a higher urine output target
4. DBleeding from the bladder; stop all fluids

A nurse finds a patient lying on the floor beside the bed. What should be done first?

1. AComplete the incident report form
2. BPhone the patient's family
3. CCheck the patient for injuries before moving them
4. DLift the patient straight back into bed so they are comfortable

A patient's hypoglycaemia was caused by a sulfonylurea such as gliclazide or glipizide. Why might they need monitoring for longer than usual?

1. ASulfonylureas act for a long time, so hypoglycaemia can recur
2. BThe drug makes glucose tablets and drinks ineffective
3. CThe drug causes rebound hyperglycaemia later the same day
4. DSulfonylureas only work at night

Why is a baseline platelet count taken before starting heparin therapy?

1. ABecause heparin is given at a dose based on the platelet count
2. BBecause heparin increases the platelet count to dangerous levels
3. CSo a later fall from heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is detected
4. DSo that the INR can be calculated from the platelet count later

A patient with cirrhosis and ascites has fever and abdominal tenderness. The ascitic fluid neutrophil count is 400 cells/mm³. What does this indicate?

1. ASpontaneous bacterial peritonitis
2. BMalignant ascites from cancer
3. CBleeding into the abdominal cavity
4. DNormal ascitic fluid in cirrhosis

練習用の血液ガスで、PaCO₂ は 49 mmHg (6.5 kPa) です。慢性呼吸性アシドーシスでは、PaCO₂ が 40 mmHg を 10 mmHg 上回るごとに HCO₃⁻ は 3.5 mmol/L 上昇します という規則を使い、HCO₃⁻ 24 mmol/L から出発して、期待される HCO₃⁻ を求めてください。

練習用の血液ガスは代謝性アシドーシスを示しています：pH は 7.33、PaCO₂ は 35 mmHg (4.7 kPa)、HCO₃⁻ は 18 mmol/L です。測定した PaCO₂ をウィンターの式と比べてください。あなたの解釈をクリックしてください。

1. 1適切な代償
2. 2呼吸性アシドーシスの合併
3. 3呼吸性アルカローシスの合併

このII誘導のリズムストリップを解釈してください。どのリズムですか。答えをクリックしてください。

1. 1正常洞調律
2. 2洞性不整脈
3. 3洞性徐脈
4. 4洞停止を伴う洞調律

この患者にはペースメーカーが入っています。II 誘導の波形を判読してください。答えをクリックしてください。

1. 1第3度（完全）房室ブロック
2. 2心室固有調律
3. 3ペーシング調律、捕捉不全
4. 4第2度房室ブロック II型

Which practice makes a shift handover safest?

1. AHanding over only the patients who had problems during the shift
2. BLeaving a sticky note on the computer screen for the next nurse
3. CA quick chat in the corridor with no notes taken
4. DA structured format, such as SBAR, with time for questions

A patient taking an MAO inhibitor antidepressant is taught about diet. Which statement shows a need for further teaching?

1. A“I will avoid tap beer and red wine.”
2. B“I will check with the pharmacist before cold remedies.”
3. C“I can still eat aged cheese and cured salami.”
4. D“A sudden severe headache is a warning sign.”