For which stoma can colostomy irrigation be considered?
AAn ileal conduit draining urine
BAny stoma that has liquid or very loose output
CA new ileostomy in the first week
DAn established descending or sigmoid colostomy
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
A patient arrives in recovery with a temperature of 35.2 °C and is shivering. What is the most appropriate action?
ASend the patient to the ward to warm up there under extra blankets
BRemove all blankets to let the body adjust
CGive cold IV fluids to settle the shivering
DStart active warming and monitor the temperature
7.臨床看護学ふつう
What should the nurse regularly check for a patient with a syringe driver?
AOnly the patient's weight, measured once a week on the same scales
BNothing, once the syringe driver is running
COnly that the battery is charged and the device is switched on
DThe infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
8.臨床看護学むずかしい
A patient faints during cannulation, with a slow pulse and pallor, and recovers quickly when laid flat. There is no rash, wheeze or swelling. What is most likely?
AVasovagal syncope
BA stroke
CAnaphylaxis
DA hypoglycaemic coma
9.検査値と電解質ふつう
A patient with an upper gastrointestinal bleed has a BUN of 48 mg/dL (urea 17 mmol/L) and a normal creatinine. What is the most likely explanation?
AThe liver has stopped making urea because of the bleeding
BSkeletal muscle is breaking down because of the blood loss
CThe kidneys have suddenly lost most of their function
DDigested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
A patient receives hemodialysis this morning. Which type of medication is often held before dialysis, as prescribed?
AInhaled bronchodilators
BAntihypertensive drugs
CEye drops for glaucoma
DTopical skin creams
16.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient on a cardiac monitor suddenly becomes unresponsive, and the monitor shows ventricular fibrillation. What is the priority once help has been called?
AGive an oral antiarrhythmic tablet and recheck the rhythm in five minutes
BDefibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then
CRecord a full 12-lead ECG to confirm the rhythm before doing anything else at all
DCheck the blood potassium level before any shock is considered
3溶液
1.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · To prevent peripheral neuropathy
これが答えになる理由
Isoniazid increases pyridoxine loss, which can cause peripheral neuropathy, especially in people with diabetes, alcohol dependence, malnutrition or HIV. Pyridoxine prevents this. Isoniazid can also cause hepatitis. Ethambutol affects vision; pyrazinamide can cause gout.
答え: C · Shared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
これが答えになる理由
Haemodialysis involves repeated vascular access in a shared unit, which raises the risk of blood-borne infection. Vaccination, screening and strict infection control protect patients and staff.
答え
C · Shared dialysis units carry a higher infection risk
答え: D · An established descending or sigmoid colostomy
これが答えになる理由
Irrigation instils water into a sigmoid or descending colostomy to empty the bowel at set times. It is not used for ileostomies or urostomies and needs specialist teaching.
答え
D · An established descending or sigmoid colostomy
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Start active warming and monitor the temperature
これが答えになる理由
Hypothermia increases the risk of bleeding, infection and cardiac events, and shivering increases oxygen use. Active warming with warmed fluids if needed is started, and the patient stays in recovery until temperature is acceptable.
答え
D · Start active warming and monitor the temperature
7.臨床看護学
答え: D · The infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
これが答えになる理由
Nurses check that the infusion is running as planned, the site has no redness or swelling, and the symptoms are controlled. Problems are acted on quickly to avoid distress.
答え
D · The infusion site, the rate and volume remaining, and the patient's symptoms
8.臨床看護学
答え: A · Vasovagal syncope
これが答えになる理由
Vasovagal syncope is a reflex drop in heart rate and blood pressure triggered by pain, fear or needles. Anaphylaxis would usually include skin, airway or breathing features and a fast pulse.
答え
A · Vasovagal syncope
9.検査値と電解質
答え: D · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
これが答えになる理由
Blood in the upper gut is digested, and the absorbed protein is converted to urea, so the BUN rises out of proportion to the creatinine. Reduced kidney blood flow from volume loss can add to the rise.確認に用いた資料:BUN - blood test · MedlinePlus (NIH) (2025)
答え
D · Digested blood adds protein, which the liver turns into urea
Removing fluid during dialysis can cause hypotension, so blood pressure drugs are often held before treatment as prescribed. Some drugs are also removed by dialysis and given afterwards.
答え
B · Antihypertensive drugs
16.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: B · Defibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then
これが答えになる理由
Ventricular fibrillation is a shockable cardiac arrest rhythm. Early defibrillation, with high-quality CPR until the shock is given, is the most important treatment.
答え
B · Defibrillate as soon as the defibrillator is available, with CPR until then