Which patient is most typical of a primary spontaneous pneumothorax?
AA middle-aged woman with high blood pressure
BA tall, thin young man who smokes
CA child with a viral sore throat
DAn older woman with long-standing heart failure
2.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器むずかしい
A patient with a confirmed type A aortic dissection is hypertensive and tachycardic while awaiting surgery. Which drug class is usually given first to lower the heart rate and blood pressure?
AAn intravenous fluid bolus
BOral aspirin
CAn intravenous thrombolytic
DAn intravenous beta-blocker
3.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓ふつう
Which headache feature most suggests raised intracranial pressure from a brain tumour?
AA tight band across the forehead that eases with rest
BWorse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
COnly present after reading for a long time
DBetter in the morning and worse with stress
4.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓むずかしい
A patient on IV gentamicin has a rising creatinine and a high trough level. What should the nurse do?
AStop measuring the drug levels
BHold the next dose and inform the prescriber
CEncourage more fluids and give the dose as planned
DGive the next dose early to clear the infection quickly
5.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんふつう
Why is the Lund and Browder chart preferred to the rule of nines for children?
AIt adjusts for body proportions that change with age
BIt counts superficial burns as well
CIt is used only for burns of the hands
DIt is faster to use than any other method of estimation
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がんむずかしい
Which preoperative blood result should the nurse report to the team before elective surgery?
AFasting glucose 5.4 mmol/L (97 mg/dL)
BSodium 139 mmol/L
CHaemoglobin 138 g/L (13.8 g/dL) in a man
DPotassium 2.9 mmol/L
7.臨床看護学ふつう
Which technique is correct when suctioning through a tracheostomy?
AApply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
BKeep suctioning for at least a minute each time to clear all the secretions
CSuction every 15 minutes whether or not secretions are present
DApply suction continuously while inserting the catheter as far as it will go
A patient’s peripheral IV site is swollen, pale and cool, and the infusion has slowed. What should the nurse do first?
AFlush the cannula hard to clear the blockage
BStop the infusion and remove the cannula
CIncrease the infusion rate to overcome the resistance
DApply a tight bandage over the site to reduce swelling
16.優先順位の決定と委任むずかしい
A patient in acute mania paces constantly, has lost weight and will not sit down to eat. Which intervention is most helpful?
AInsist that the patient sits at the table until the meal is finished
BWait until the mania settles before worrying about nutrition
COffer high-calorie finger foods and drinks the patient can take while moving
DLeave meals in the room and let the patient eat whenever and whatever they choose
3溶液
1.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: B · A tall, thin young man who smokes
これが答えになる理由
Primary spontaneous pneumothorax usually occurs in tall, thin young men, often smokers, when small apical blebs rupture. Secondary pneumothorax occurs in people with lung disease such as COPD and tends to be more serious.
答え
B · A tall, thin young man who smokes
2.内科外科看護:循環器と呼吸器
答え: D · An intravenous beta-blocker
これが答えになる理由
In acute dissection, IV beta-blockers are usually given first to reduce heart rate and the rate of rise of pressure, limiting extension of the tear. Vasodilators may follow once the heart rate is controlled. Antiplatelets, anticoagulants and thrombolytics are avoided. Type A dissection needs urgent surgery.
答え
D · An intravenous beta-blocker
3.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Worse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
これが答えになる理由
Headaches from raised ICP are often worse on waking, when coughing, sneezing or bending, and may come with vomiting or visual changes. A new headache with these features needs prompt assessment.
答え
B · Worse on waking and on coughing, with vomiting
4.内科外科看護:神経、内分泌、腎臓
答え: B · Hold the next dose and inform the prescriber
これが答えになる理由
Aminoglycosides can cause acute tubular necrosis and ototoxicity, especially with high trough levels. A high trough suggests poor clearance. The dose is held and the prescriber reviews the regimen.
答え
B · Hold the next dose and inform the prescriber
5.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: A · It adjusts for body proportions that change with age
これが答えになる理由
The Lund and Browder chart gives different percentages for the head and legs at different ages, so it is more accurate in children and is also widely used in adults.
答え
A · It adjusts for body proportions that change with age
6.内科外科看護:消化器、周術期、がん
答え: D · Potassium 2.9 mmol/L
これが答えになる理由
Normal potassium is about 3.5–5.0 mmol/L. Hypokalaemia increases the risk of arrhythmias during anaesthesia and needs correction before elective surgery. The other results are within normal ranges.
答え
D · Potassium 2.9 mmol/L
7.臨床看護学
答え: A · Apply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
これが答えになる理由
Suctioning only on withdrawal and keeping it brief reduces hypoxia and mucosal damage. Suction is performed when needed, not routinely, and the patient is pre-oxygenated if required.
答え
A · Apply suction only while withdrawing the catheter, for no more than about 10–15 seconds
答え: B · Calcium 7.2 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) with tingling lips
これが答えになる理由
Hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery, from parathyroid injury, can progress to tetany and laryngospasm. Tingling lips are an early sign, so the nurse assesses the airway and Chvostek and Trousseau signs and reports at once. The other results are expected after surgery.
答え
B · Calcium 7.2 mg/dL (1.8 mmol/L) with tingling lips
A cool, pale, swollen site suggests infiltration. The nurse stops the infusion, removes the cannula, elevates the limb and restarts the IV at another site as needed.
答え
B · Stop the infusion and remove the cannula
16.優先順位の決定と委任
答え: C · Offer high-calorie finger foods and drinks the patient can take while moving
これが答えになる理由
Patients in mania may be too active to sit and eat. Portable high-calorie foods and fluids help meet physiological needs, which are a priority.
答え
C · Offer high-calorie finger foods and drinks the patient can take while moving